{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2","short_pith_number":"pith:AZKA4RT2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06417","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T19:57:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"60bc8dbd001a7ffb323fcd16fcfbd65532c5cad838b9cba837126416c9202085","abstract_canon_sha256":"4a301b3cfebe4f90044afb6f9e011de019f9b33df54219c6612b645f981a5cd0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"06540e467ad75678e52c81a36af971aeb25056cc879b4ad0989474e85511cb49","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.06417","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06417","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06417v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06417","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AZKA4RT225LH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AZKA4RT225LHRZJM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AZKA4RT2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06417","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T19:57:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"60bc8dbd001a7ffb323fcd16fcfbd65532c5cad838b9cba837126416c9202085","abstract_canon_sha256":"4a301b3cfebe4f90044afb6f9e011de019f9b33df54219c6612b645f981a5cd0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"06540e467ad75678e52c81a36af971aeb25056cc879b4ad0989474e85511cb49","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.250793Z","signature_b64":"Xt4XpUK+l7QEinu+RS6MU/hLY//8Oked28Jv/La0ydB0/2n6stqOrCsfe/gKA9Ld949grJ2eFOphhwNqP1kADg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"06540e467ad75678e52c81a36af971aeb25056cc879b4ad0989474e85511cb49","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.250014Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.250014Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.06417","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P4w/VgsmV+PKKaxd7KMMZWGwS/20sDsNySbZZvpaQTMVitkiEXjnDie5yBv+mWM7dxkHRs5geMfisxNFDfPRAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:36:21.112260Z"},"content_sha256":"5045387e0e7ae0846c3ba2f088edf02650958f02818ae0bc583464c93c155afa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5045387e0e7ae0846c3ba2f088edf02650958f02818ae0bc583464c93c155afa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Radiative Transport Based Flame Volume Reconstruction from Videos","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Arie Kaufman, Dengming Zhu, Liang Shen, Saad Nadeem, Zhaoqi Wang","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T19:57:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a novel approach for flame volume reconstruction from videos using inexpensive charge-coupled device (CCD) consumer cameras. The approach includes an economical data capture technique using inexpensive CCD cameras. Leveraging the smear feature of the CCD chip, we present a technique for synchronizing CCD cameras while capturing flame videos from different views. Our reconstruction is based on the radiative transport equation which enables complex phenomena such as emission, extinction, and scattering to be used in the rendering process. Both the color intensity and temperature rec"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06417","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CF41d2QZaQ0wxhc7ucJH0FePl37f9P5hc8zfE3vTSZh7UsZsYD+EMTWbSjbYO4GI6klwbXWzm/KcF5I8fL/mAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:36:21.112938Z"},"content_sha256":"c04941cdde12a2544fd4661ca3405a8f3cdbe056a1c84da38fa1961b4de988d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c04941cdde12a2544fd4661ca3405a8f3cdbe056a1c84da38fa1961b4de988d7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T17:36:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AZKA4RT225LHRZJMQGRWV6LRV2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4a301b3cfebe4f90044afb6f9e011de019f9b33df54219c6612b645f981a5cd0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T19:57:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"60bc8dbd001a7ffb323fcd16fcfbd65532c5cad838b9cba837126416c9202085"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06417","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06417","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06417v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06417","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AZKA4RT225LH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AZKA4RT225LHRZJM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AZKA4RT2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c04941cdde12a2544fd4661ca3405a8f3cdbe056a1c84da38fa1961b4de988d7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a novel approach for flame volume reconstruction from videos using inexpensive charge-coupled device (CCD) consumer cameras. The approach includes an economical data capture technique using inexpensive CCD cameras. Leveraging the smear feature of the CCD chip, we present a technique for synchronizing CCD cameras while capturing flame videos from different views. Our reconstruction is based on the radiative transport equation which enables complex phenomena such as emission, extinction, and scattering to be used in the rendering process. Both the color intensity and temperature rec","authors_text":"Arie Kaufman, Dengming Zhu, Liang Shen, Saad Nadeem, Zhaoqi Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T19:57:06Z","title":"Radiative Transport Based Flame Volume Reconstruction from Videos"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06417","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5045387e0e7ae0846c3ba2f088edf02650958f02818ae0bc583464c93c155afa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4a301b3cfebe4f90044afb6f9e011de019f9b33df54219c6612b645f981a5cd0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T19:57:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"60bc8dbd001a7ffb323fcd16fcfbd65532c5cad838b9cba837126416c9202085"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06417","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"06540e467ad75678e52c81a36af971aeb25056cc879b4ad0989474e85511cb49","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"06540e467ad75678e52c81a36af971aeb25056cc879b4ad0989474e85511cb49","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.250014Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.250014Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Xt4XpUK+l7QEinu+RS6MU/hLY//8Oked28Jv/La0ydB0/2n6stqOrCsfe/gKA9Ld949grJ2eFOphhwNqP1kADg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.250793Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.06417","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5045387e0e7ae0846c3ba2f088edf02650958f02818ae0bc583464c93c155afa","sha256:c04941cdde12a2544fd4661ca3405a8f3cdbe056a1c84da38fa1961b4de988d7"],"state_sha256":"af3274ffcacba990285182937d4d6f6ed93bafe946a726331ffd53e2e2875c2c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cAYdR2HqFeEkNJ3WYHehim2OnaTzTFtKHgaMtJ8mkhwKBg6zYvNY6VYA1cq5xMxZrmjA+BNFm8HvItbQ+f1ICA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:36:21.116590Z","bundle_sha256":"349f40bc04cedba6f0c040257ff390898bec1375d7f45999edbdfa2af7aaa285"}}