{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3","short_pith_number":"pith:B27NDIYX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.04703","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-12-09T07:28:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AR","cs.CC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"49220689188b2380b8c0a71de0822b60360ee61fb3df5545336f2992a57107a6","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d8a698aa2bfd22d2401a01db48dfd2e7c11e5e58e662fcfec54a20fe8ae35d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0ebed1a3175bf47a5eaaf5eefe5d2f46e9f45be1d7ebbebb7f7530ece50d7557","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2212.04703","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.04703","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.04703v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.04703","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B27NDIYXLP2H","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B27NDIYX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.04703","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-12-09T07:28:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AR","cs.CC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"49220689188b2380b8c0a71de0822b60360ee61fb3df5545336f2992a57107a6","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d8a698aa2bfd22d2401a01db48dfd2e7c11e5e58e662fcfec54a20fe8ae35d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0ebed1a3175bf47a5eaaf5eefe5d2f46e9f45be1d7ebbebb7f7530ece50d7557","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03.780748Z","signature_b64":"aAilxVDssGD0sqp7QQN+RxD+cj90pd/NkPvslenlsMPAKorIY6nTLGk2M8SP8Y13k+OUfY+v0ozixMxI2Go6BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0ebed1a3175bf47a5eaaf5eefe5d2f46e9f45be1d7ebbebb7f7530ece50d7557","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03.780244Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03.780244Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2212.04703","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"88vaKUrZiiJAgXkmqCwUDGBo+xvRlpq1Xt1AzIu/esBKiX0WroNq37eZhc6S4gBTQjzcOQ661cN0yOHJs7O8Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T05:53:09.672813Z"},"content_sha256":"d94aa0f7061a5ea43fd492fe318ceecccf24f408cd7c3425169bf40dc0a5330c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d94aa0f7061a5ea43fd492fe318ceecccf24f408cd7c3425169bf40dc0a5330c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Implementing Neural Network-Based Equalizers in a Coherent Optical Transmission System Using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AR","cs.CC","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Antonio Napoli, Bernhard Spinnler, Jaroslaw E. Prilepsky, Michaela Blott, Michael Anderson, Nelson Costa, Pedro J. Freire, Sasipim Srivallapanondh, Sergei K. Turitsyn, Thomas Bex, Tobias A. Eriksson, Wolfgang Schairer","submitted_at":"2022-12-09T07:28:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we demonstrate the offline FPGA realization of both recurrent and feedforward neural network (NN)-based equalizers for nonlinearity compensation in coherent optical transmission systems. First, we present a realization pipeline showing the conversion of the models from Python libraries to the FPGA chip synthesis and implementation. Then, we review the main alternatives for the hardware implementation of nonlinear activation functions. The main results are divided into three parts: a performance comparison, an analysis of how activation functions are implemented, and a report on t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.04703","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2212.04703/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2pN3Pq5199dA62Dmmtlm8Ulh/Lm5PaKXjEcnTCxnxIXAd0oZe9UnbTuNhEifAr63dnGUWscYVr8OEAhhvrCyBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T05:53:09.673320Z"},"content_sha256":"40c144019360b27ae0508d9349d8a71f70d732972ac6b6775e0146a914db448a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:40c144019360b27ae0508d9349d8a71f70d732972ac6b6775e0146a914db448a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T05:53:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK6XXP4XJPI3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d8a698aa2bfd22d2401a01db48dfd2e7c11e5e58e662fcfec54a20fe8ae35d9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AR","cs.CC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-12-09T07:28:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"49220689188b2380b8c0a71de0822b60360ee61fb3df5545336f2992a57107a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.04703","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.04703","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.04703v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.04703","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B27NDIYXLP2H","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B27NDIYXLP2HUXVK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B27NDIYX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:40c144019360b27ae0508d9349d8a71f70d732972ac6b6775e0146a914db448a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2212.04703/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we demonstrate the offline FPGA realization of both recurrent and feedforward neural network (NN)-based equalizers for nonlinearity compensation in coherent optical transmission systems. First, we present a realization pipeline showing the conversion of the models from Python libraries to the FPGA chip synthesis and implementation. Then, we review the main alternatives for the hardware implementation of nonlinear activation functions. The main results are divided into three parts: a performance comparison, an analysis of how activation functions are implemented, and a report on t","authors_text":"Antonio Napoli, Bernhard Spinnler, Jaroslaw E. Prilepsky, Michaela Blott, Michael Anderson, Nelson Costa, Pedro J. Freire, Sasipim Srivallapanondh, Sergei K. Turitsyn, Thomas Bex, Tobias A. Eriksson, Wolfgang Schairer","cross_cats":["cs.AR","cs.CC","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-12-09T07:28:45Z","title":"Implementing Neural Network-Based Equalizers in a Coherent Optical Transmission System Using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.04703","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d94aa0f7061a5ea43fd492fe318ceecccf24f408cd7c3425169bf40dc0a5330c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d8a698aa2bfd22d2401a01db48dfd2e7c11e5e58e662fcfec54a20fe8ae35d9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AR","cs.CC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-12-09T07:28:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"49220689188b2380b8c0a71de0822b60360ee61fb3df5545336f2992a57107a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.04703","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0ebed1a3175bf47a5eaaf5eefe5d2f46e9f45be1d7ebbebb7f7530ece50d7557","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0ebed1a3175bf47a5eaaf5eefe5d2f46e9f45be1d7ebbebb7f7530ece50d7557","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03.780244Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03.780244Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aAilxVDssGD0sqp7QQN+RxD+cj90pd/NkPvslenlsMPAKorIY6nTLGk2M8SP8Y13k+OUfY+v0ozixMxI2Go6BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:03.780748Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2212.04703","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d94aa0f7061a5ea43fd492fe318ceecccf24f408cd7c3425169bf40dc0a5330c","sha256:40c144019360b27ae0508d9349d8a71f70d732972ac6b6775e0146a914db448a"],"state_sha256":"a618cbcc659fe91a9696be15c0d20211c8d103d3b30786ba6af98c3f3db08510"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oPy0pBU4R0HDQHK8XWxhJTWjtUtadgSbyUJvXy0UsCnxdNtBwgCdvqxQh6KWMZeT5dKWYI0ha5A4gYiewdfADA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T05:53:09.677932Z","bundle_sha256":"0c7e864f6c6c11c5e5897675051d75751afda4c1bf123a33e44f2869f623c4ee"}}