{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ","short_pith_number":"pith:B42LGDFC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.01823","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-08-05T10:04:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"46b7dcde159596ede4a09f09507d6d731f95397ec5858fe8378676f820d2d94a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5591a89204212cd580465d08a0edbfb7ecff9334884bd6018a05d71feb255386"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0f34b30ca21cea4a29a37005e6534bb2731556948827a891eb6d067e61fcead1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.01823","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.01823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.01823v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.01823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B42LGDFCDTVE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B42LGDFCDTVEUKND","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B42LGDFC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.01823","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-08-05T10:04:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"46b7dcde159596ede4a09f09507d6d731f95397ec5858fe8378676f820d2d94a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5591a89204212cd580465d08a0edbfb7ecff9334884bd6018a05d71feb255386"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0f34b30ca21cea4a29a37005e6534bb2731556948827a891eb6d067e61fcead1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53.212682Z","signature_b64":"lQGr54Oi3IHQ6LhN3v3XO6vr0A5/SWiI9PhpzZm1+A1IbxcPrwQkgAam7KSEbJ5/1oCBhLEJnIf1dq29XW5PAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0f34b30ca21cea4a29a37005e6534bb2731556948827a891eb6d067e61fcead1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53.211936Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53.211936Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.01823","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bW0J+svVuWZGz/S7y4eg5gGounYjN8AaMcL0r542mnqC3uygT5508OgA8/8jHJN9jH8ohVbjEXUrHRKYs1ciAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T12:16:47.672741Z"},"content_sha256":"11fbf0b40af66ab5031af35eacfb22484a11142b63323fcc89344ec389aa693d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:11fbf0b40af66ab5031af35eacfb22484a11142b63323fcc89344ec389aa693d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Skewness of elliptic flow fluctuations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph","nucl-ex"],"primary_cat":"nucl-th","authors_text":"Giuliano Giacalone, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Jean-Yves Ollitrault, Li Yan","submitted_at":"2016-08-05T10:04:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using event-by-event hydrodynamic calculations, we find that the fluctuations of the elliptic flow ($v_2$) in the reaction plane have a negative skew. We compare the skewness of $v_2$ fluctuations to that of initial eccentricity fluctuations. We show that skewness is the main effect lifting the degeneracy between higher-order cumulants, with negative skew corresponding to the hierarchy $v_2\\{4\\}>v_2\\{6\\}$ observed in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC. We describe how the skewness can be measured experimentally and show that hydrodynamics naturally reproduces its magnitude and centrality dependence."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.01823","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u3hzUf+GKAYumLAOwYhueiUw5bK206CIW1/C30SAiNKu4787JlJfS1mP+INCdjngKIZWmcNndvNpLi+OCYPTBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T12:16:47.673123Z"},"content_sha256":"829f233b6fbf8900344a506fa05dd63f0014a6b52473df0b0bb7928bdad589ca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:829f233b6fbf8900344a506fa05dd63f0014a6b52473df0b0bb7928bdad589ca"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T12:16:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:B42LGDFCDTVEUKNDOAC6MU2LWJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5591a89204212cd580465d08a0edbfb7ecff9334884bd6018a05d71feb255386","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-ex"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-08-05T10:04:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"46b7dcde159596ede4a09f09507d6d731f95397ec5858fe8378676f820d2d94a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.01823","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.01823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.01823v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.01823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B42LGDFCDTVE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B42LGDFCDTVEUKND","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B42LGDFC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:829f233b6fbf8900344a506fa05dd63f0014a6b52473df0b0bb7928bdad589ca","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using event-by-event hydrodynamic calculations, we find that the fluctuations of the elliptic flow ($v_2$) in the reaction plane have a negative skew. We compare the skewness of $v_2$ fluctuations to that of initial eccentricity fluctuations. We show that skewness is the main effect lifting the degeneracy between higher-order cumulants, with negative skew corresponding to the hierarchy $v_2\\{4\\}>v_2\\{6\\}$ observed in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC. We describe how the skewness can be measured experimentally and show that hydrodynamics naturally reproduces its magnitude and centrality dependence.","authors_text":"Giuliano Giacalone, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Jean-Yves Ollitrault, Li Yan","cross_cats":["hep-ph","nucl-ex"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-08-05T10:04:52Z","title":"Skewness of elliptic flow fluctuations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.01823","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:11fbf0b40af66ab5031af35eacfb22484a11142b63323fcc89344ec389aa693d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5591a89204212cd580465d08a0edbfb7ecff9334884bd6018a05d71feb255386","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-ex"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-08-05T10:04:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"46b7dcde159596ede4a09f09507d6d731f95397ec5858fe8378676f820d2d94a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.01823","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"0f34b30ca21cea4a29a37005e6534bb2731556948827a891eb6d067e61fcead1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0f34b30ca21cea4a29a37005e6534bb2731556948827a891eb6d067e61fcead1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53.211936Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53.211936Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lQGr54Oi3IHQ6LhN3v3XO6vr0A5/SWiI9PhpzZm1+A1IbxcPrwQkgAam7KSEbJ5/1oCBhLEJnIf1dq29XW5PAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:53.212682Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.01823","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:11fbf0b40af66ab5031af35eacfb22484a11142b63323fcc89344ec389aa693d","sha256:829f233b6fbf8900344a506fa05dd63f0014a6b52473df0b0bb7928bdad589ca"],"state_sha256":"3d7090d8f9c404ae022b4e732b6d62652ff5010394a34b5d4b9aff07ed0066c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OTEiZYUh/nZMS/MnYQbMR7evPrTAu28VHvdfpYhLNW5GJNe5p3Xf6A6eyHlgTKab4WHww26ueKMsU6g0GYUsCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T12:16:47.676473Z","bundle_sha256":"73697fd484dd855b0b430dc1d90b709e88bd5d5351e1640b6c3d613ca8441ab3"}}