{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW","short_pith_number":"pith:B5ALOPC6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.4814","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-10-17T19:33:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"47697ab0fca27b0eae7896102119a061410f3dd37b470897ed52d007b3121592","abstract_canon_sha256":"5afe2cba2272de29975e93d6a69d173138fba2ac836b9a9a0332ec88e29530ee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0f40b73c5ea902bb8074cc218897450594d2e54c9617afb89040e4ea108f8691","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1310.4814","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.4814","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.4814v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.4814","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B5ALOPC6VEBL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B5ALOPC6VEBLXADU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B5ALOPC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.4814","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-10-17T19:33:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"47697ab0fca27b0eae7896102119a061410f3dd37b470897ed52d007b3121592","abstract_canon_sha256":"5afe2cba2272de29975e93d6a69d173138fba2ac836b9a9a0332ec88e29530ee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0f40b73c5ea902bb8074cc218897450594d2e54c9617afb89040e4ea108f8691","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12.603606Z","signature_b64":"Flb9NqCAL9QWF3srczNQhfgIOyG7TuBQBi+rJRSkO4wVQlzA2cFBKTnr0NsvdKQN/I88ie4ZobQwN2SSC2oEAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0f40b73c5ea902bb8074cc218897450594d2e54c9617afb89040e4ea108f8691","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12.603069Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12.603069Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1310.4814","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jkEboRBgc5SP7RKEfsS8tw098tvgr0uXM8x1bEkh5eiKXJju2J8dOPIotenS/WKxIMyqPyUqqfaluU0QRoU2DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:17:41.988216Z"},"content_sha256":"0eb26c0c1413c8d8efaf77982efe605f0f553de377661b1bc6bdee6cd14d766b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0eb26c0c1413c8d8efaf77982efe605f0f553de377661b1bc6bdee6cd14d766b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Water Filtration Using Plant Xylem","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Jongho Lee, Michael S. H. Boutilier, Rohit Karnik, Valerie Chambers, Varsha Venkatesh","submitted_at":"2013-10-17T19:33:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"Effective point-of-use devices for providing safe drinking water are urgently needed to reduce the global burden of waterborne disease. Here we show that plant xylem from the sapwood of coniferous trees - a readily available, inexpensive, biodegradable, and disposable material - can remove bacteria from water by simple pressure-driven filtration. Approximately 3 cm3 of sapwood can filter water at the rate of several liters per day, sufficient to meet the clean drinking water needs of one person. The results demonstrate the potential of plant xylem to address the need for pathogen-free drinking"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.4814","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eoNCDEYXrxf1oXxpGqarXvABeKq7Va/1ikBJjS6xlPPyjpcBA5RSf/vyqbl0SSR0IWx6KvB1Zy4ZjyoYk2mlAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:17:41.988911Z"},"content_sha256":"c40bd47e74e9ab104fb4e4fbf592c4adcb35f51517834d32c49e5a14accf5aac","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c40bd47e74e9ab104fb4e4fbf592c4adcb35f51517834d32c49e5a14accf5aac"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T16:17:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:B5ALOPC6VEBLXADUZQQYRF2FAW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5afe2cba2272de29975e93d6a69d173138fba2ac836b9a9a0332ec88e29530ee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-10-17T19:33:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"47697ab0fca27b0eae7896102119a061410f3dd37b470897ed52d007b3121592"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.4814","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.4814","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.4814v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.4814","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B5ALOPC6VEBL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B5ALOPC6VEBLXADU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B5ALOPC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c40bd47e74e9ab104fb4e4fbf592c4adcb35f51517834d32c49e5a14accf5aac","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Effective point-of-use devices for providing safe drinking water are urgently needed to reduce the global burden of waterborne disease. Here we show that plant xylem from the sapwood of coniferous trees - a readily available, inexpensive, biodegradable, and disposable material - can remove bacteria from water by simple pressure-driven filtration. Approximately 3 cm3 of sapwood can filter water at the rate of several liters per day, sufficient to meet the clean drinking water needs of one person. The results demonstrate the potential of plant xylem to address the need for pathogen-free drinking","authors_text":"Jongho Lee, Michael S. H. Boutilier, Rohit Karnik, Valerie Chambers, Varsha Venkatesh","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-10-17T19:33:14Z","title":"Water Filtration Using Plant Xylem"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.4814","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0eb26c0c1413c8d8efaf77982efe605f0f553de377661b1bc6bdee6cd14d766b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5afe2cba2272de29975e93d6a69d173138fba2ac836b9a9a0332ec88e29530ee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-10-17T19:33:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"47697ab0fca27b0eae7896102119a061410f3dd37b470897ed52d007b3121592"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.4814","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0f40b73c5ea902bb8074cc218897450594d2e54c9617afb89040e4ea108f8691","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0f40b73c5ea902bb8074cc218897450594d2e54c9617afb89040e4ea108f8691","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12.603069Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12.603069Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Flb9NqCAL9QWF3srczNQhfgIOyG7TuBQBi+rJRSkO4wVQlzA2cFBKTnr0NsvdKQN/I88ie4ZobQwN2SSC2oEAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:12.603606Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1310.4814","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0eb26c0c1413c8d8efaf77982efe605f0f553de377661b1bc6bdee6cd14d766b","sha256:c40bd47e74e9ab104fb4e4fbf592c4adcb35f51517834d32c49e5a14accf5aac"],"state_sha256":"bc0de781663bc4e189277f43044dcbf7effc5966aa8d243bdec65fd9fa497677"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uagp59myItX9sRqLA3FYu7WiP3LnObXEvkAtFVK9x0EyTNPb+0cLzbPFxG//nxm5mZoxgQuI0cAoaihqbhMrCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:17:41.992376Z","bundle_sha256":"904f097e471183d0903a9a8607c443429d2d5dd37285a2c7ed9cb4448592bad2"}}