{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT","short_pith_number":"pith:B5TREFSV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-08-06T13:29:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1934b33d406b0cda7a07e9a2a7a5004858a0249807cdee1df9da9fe570242bbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"1a97f91eb74da6fe3179f20099344fe820ad2d425d6a385ee4b86e2d49519111"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0f6712165516531cac314caa110799a4f46e1fd7da457ca6b910e0b80ceb665b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.03111","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.03111","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.03111v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.03111","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B5TREFSVCZJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B5TREFSVCZJRZLBR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B5TREFSV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-08-06T13:29:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1934b33d406b0cda7a07e9a2a7a5004858a0249807cdee1df9da9fe570242bbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"1a97f91eb74da6fe3179f20099344fe820ad2d425d6a385ee4b86e2d49519111"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0f6712165516531cac314caa110799a4f46e1fd7da457ca6b910e0b80ceb665b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45.811776Z","signature_b64":"YLuUQtBP/jgpmulalMve++jq5c9e2jIqU0rGe9pPd9rkwFOi/rlDQyxOtrlcKqUNu2tI9Bjh6ckdBh6ygZ59Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0f6712165516531cac314caa110799a4f46e1fd7da457ca6b910e0b80ceb665b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45.811405Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45.811405Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.03111","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fnGvY1IkwFfQwSo4YVL8GA/VHYqD/gaH+NhxsGcS8lFNrlOzhLKN74FrE27opCouHNwOeOw1Ok979JfGUkaQDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-22T19:18:06.916034Z"},"content_sha256":"cf7a4f32d46942d3410a413f135bd74b9a884e4be7f9cb6f02d9b33f93e429b0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cf7a4f32d46942d3410a413f135bd74b9a884e4be7f9cb6f02d9b33f93e429b0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Learning Objectives, Insights, and Assessments: How Specification Formats Impact Design","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Elsie Lee-Robbins, Eytan Adar, Shiqing He","submitted_at":"2021-08-06T13:29:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite the ubiquity of communicative visualizations, specifying communicative intent during design is ad hoc. Whether we are selecting from a set of visualizations, commissioning someone to produce them, or creating them ourselves, an effective way of specifying intent can help guide this process. Ideally, we would have a concise and shared specification language. In previous work, we have argued that communicative intents can be viewed as a learning/assessment problem (i.e., what should the reader learn and what test should they do well on). Learning-based specification formats are linked (e"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.03111/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"anWlBnaXvqwPGEfDH5IW8tfF612fG5WUg3h7VT4EvSl7AC4APThG3A74I5MB4q7gOe+NMHoMyOK41AMJ9WBpBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-22T19:18:06.916423Z"},"content_sha256":"3799ecc13df4a5e76ca7791bfa65f214a630c80873704d1f49516fc56b78b554","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3799ecc13df4a5e76ca7791bfa65f214a630c80873704d1f49516fc56b78b554"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-22T19:18:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:B5TREFSVCZJRZLBRJSVBCB4ZUT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1a97f91eb74da6fe3179f20099344fe820ad2d425d6a385ee4b86e2d49519111","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-08-06T13:29:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"1934b33d406b0cda7a07e9a2a7a5004858a0249807cdee1df9da9fe570242bbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.03111","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.03111v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.03111","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B5TREFSVCZJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B5TREFSVCZJRZLBR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B5TREFSV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3799ecc13df4a5e76ca7791bfa65f214a630c80873704d1f49516fc56b78b554","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.03111/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite the ubiquity of communicative visualizations, specifying communicative intent during design is ad hoc. Whether we are selecting from a set of visualizations, commissioning someone to produce them, or creating them ourselves, an effective way of specifying intent can help guide this process. Ideally, we would have a concise and shared specification language. In previous work, we have argued that communicative intents can be viewed as a learning/assessment problem (i.e., what should the reader learn and what test should they do well on). Learning-based specification formats are linked (e","authors_text":"Elsie Lee-Robbins, Eytan Adar, Shiqing He","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-08-06T13:29:36Z","title":"Learning Objectives, Insights, and Assessments: How Specification Formats Impact Design"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cf7a4f32d46942d3410a413f135bd74b9a884e4be7f9cb6f02d9b33f93e429b0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1a97f91eb74da6fe3179f20099344fe820ad2d425d6a385ee4b86e2d49519111","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-08-06T13:29:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"1934b33d406b0cda7a07e9a2a7a5004858a0249807cdee1df9da9fe570242bbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0f6712165516531cac314caa110799a4f46e1fd7da457ca6b910e0b80ceb665b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0f6712165516531cac314caa110799a4f46e1fd7da457ca6b910e0b80ceb665b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45.811405Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45.811405Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YLuUQtBP/jgpmulalMve++jq5c9e2jIqU0rGe9pPd9rkwFOi/rlDQyxOtrlcKqUNu2tI9Bjh6ckdBh6ygZ59Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:03:45.811776Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.03111","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cf7a4f32d46942d3410a413f135bd74b9a884e4be7f9cb6f02d9b33f93e429b0","sha256:3799ecc13df4a5e76ca7791bfa65f214a630c80873704d1f49516fc56b78b554"],"state_sha256":"3e26a43676f52fdbcc874eed7428220e619fc9cc95e15cb79a09ae18918ffdbc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1c2UPFSzD3miSGtRaxxQ6ef6D42GsS3TMwQvhN/umzxGk/I0dr/R1Oc3krTkYSLtchliDnRtktHbBZzQMZOcBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-22T19:18:06.918592Z","bundle_sha256":"45ac1c4e30adb60e5951337fd09132f2ec68aa21b44116931269a82d39e0dd80"}}