{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ","short_pith_number":"pith:B7IIWBF5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.03960","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2016-08-13T09:48:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"title_canon_sha256":"0be8c93c63ec1f4ed4d8d5b70ad74a4934183f034de52ea7249d10fdcf767141","abstract_canon_sha256":"4f5650642d0a24fdb96c705e8d76b5a89d7b30749d637562c733549a22968460"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0fd08b04bd33757c64fec0ea86c3dc6e7f438f38c440482506da99c773164831","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.03960","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.03960","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.03960v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.03960","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B7IIWBF5GN2X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B7IIWBF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.03960","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2016-08-13T09:48:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"title_canon_sha256":"0be8c93c63ec1f4ed4d8d5b70ad74a4934183f034de52ea7249d10fdcf767141","abstract_canon_sha256":"4f5650642d0a24fdb96c705e8d76b5a89d7b30749d637562c733549a22968460"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0fd08b04bd33757c64fec0ea86c3dc6e7f438f38c440482506da99c773164831","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04.261023Z","signature_b64":"+kS0HbCIs94B/XQDRdjaF242UP2NF8bQS8tK1ISQkMJx6kzRmCtK97umi8yZkmoegZOEa+b33WnjahGh7CWoCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0fd08b04bd33757c64fec0ea86c3dc6e7f438f38c440482506da99c773164831","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04.260391Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04.260391Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.03960","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nSt9Qde/WvoZYyYnZVezEWdNnHe1dHWknfCfCVoSXoqoNSsmgN0GmcA5SiZsdAHALcdWrsvGhtgT1CDGGpvvCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T18:07:32.836742Z"},"content_sha256":"4382d66f6d34316744d22825646e5136406e5dc91217ffa6fd43ed23255a8d28","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4382d66f6d34316744d22825646e5136406e5dc91217ffa6fd43ed23255a8d28"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Conflict-Free Replicated JSON Datatype","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DB"],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Alastair R. Beresford, Martin Kleppmann","submitted_at":"2016-08-13T09:48:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many applications model their data in a general-purpose storage format such as JSON. This data structure is modified by the application as a result of user input. Such modifications are well understood if performed sequentially on a single copy of the data, but if the data is replicated and modified concurrently on multiple devices, it is unclear what the semantics should be. In this paper we present an algorithm and formal semantics for a JSON data structure that automatically resolves concurrent modifications such that no updates are lost, and such that all replicas converge towards the same"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.03960","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8RgeLh9ZAi2h2bFXVzWvG0Kef52SULGSoMP4kYxkx6DswQ4pWqOq73GJdIo2Zs2G4sGDUG7QLRBvJA6hN6djBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T18:07:32.837425Z"},"content_sha256":"37749f0be62ae80bf11313b792c339b454d5445b4b892aa1e52188a410dbf1ca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:37749f0be62ae80bf11313b792c339b454d5445b4b892aa1e52188a410dbf1ca"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T18:07:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6YDVINQ64NZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4f5650642d0a24fdb96c705e8d76b5a89d7b30749d637562c733549a22968460","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2016-08-13T09:48:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"0be8c93c63ec1f4ed4d8d5b70ad74a4934183f034de52ea7249d10fdcf767141"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.03960","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.03960","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.03960v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.03960","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"B7IIWBF5GN2X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"B7IIWBF5GN2XYZH6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"B7IIWBF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:37749f0be62ae80bf11313b792c339b454d5445b4b892aa1e52188a410dbf1ca","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many applications model their data in a general-purpose storage format such as JSON. This data structure is modified by the application as a result of user input. Such modifications are well understood if performed sequentially on a single copy of the data, but if the data is replicated and modified concurrently on multiple devices, it is unclear what the semantics should be. In this paper we present an algorithm and formal semantics for a JSON data structure that automatically resolves concurrent modifications such that no updates are lost, and such that all replicas converge towards the same","authors_text":"Alastair R. Beresford, Martin Kleppmann","cross_cats":["cs.DB"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2016-08-13T09:48:35Z","title":"A Conflict-Free Replicated JSON Datatype"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.03960","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4382d66f6d34316744d22825646e5136406e5dc91217ffa6fd43ed23255a8d28","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4f5650642d0a24fdb96c705e8d76b5a89d7b30749d637562c733549a22968460","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2016-08-13T09:48:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"0be8c93c63ec1f4ed4d8d5b70ad74a4934183f034de52ea7249d10fdcf767141"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.03960","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"0fd08b04bd33757c64fec0ea86c3dc6e7f438f38c440482506da99c773164831","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0fd08b04bd33757c64fec0ea86c3dc6e7f438f38c440482506da99c773164831","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04.260391Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04.260391Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+kS0HbCIs94B/XQDRdjaF242UP2NF8bQS8tK1ISQkMJx6kzRmCtK97umi8yZkmoegZOEa+b33WnjahGh7CWoCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:04.261023Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.03960","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4382d66f6d34316744d22825646e5136406e5dc91217ffa6fd43ed23255a8d28","sha256:37749f0be62ae80bf11313b792c339b454d5445b4b892aa1e52188a410dbf1ca"],"state_sha256":"dec490ac4ed1536db4dbc0b0995530b742143af00d6c6a4be4ab0aa6168697f3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4/JXSkWcytVvGYKA2SefwxetOnLHgFVRs8DonFnJUwcBMKY1iVkj1/g9mQbTiu2A1G2nOBT0azL7OEqiVO0jAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T18:07:32.841560Z","bundle_sha256":"103afebf05e0b0f2e2509bd9d4da25040a0eca9195777b9a4e0e973b2ca7d23d"}}