{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BA344EOEKH36RIUL2XAMURXEGN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"672ace3a7e5a253b14a0e383c4305f2cd050e9fc53bae046d4b396d4e6eae7e1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T09:24:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"e58c6e251ad2d8542d9e7665ca9d8f652fef9128ce92e5a783194abb7e261d7f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.07581","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.07581","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.07581v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.07581","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BA344EOEKH36","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BA344EOEKH36RIUL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BA344EOE","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2aeb58c73b3e11e67b8c5b5d2286f96f33c750600e1badfed97a939e12347350","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.07581/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning (FL) is a promising paradigm for multiple devices to cooperatively train a model. When applied in wireless networks, two issues consistently affect the performance of FL, i.e., data heterogeneity of devices and limited bandwidth. Many papers have investigated device scheduling strategies considering the two issues. However, most of them recognize data heterogeneity as a property of individual devices. In this paper, we prove that the convergence speed of FL is affected by the sum of device-level and sample-level collective gradient divergence (CGD). The device-level CGD refe","authors_text":"Jintao Yan, Sheng Zhou, Tan Chen, Yuxuan Sun, Zhisheng Niu","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T09:24:33Z","title":"FedCGD: Collective Gradient Divergence Optimized Scheduling for Wireless Federated Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.07581","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a80e9339c5704b7842e9d3264d5df703e50fec518ce6358731c424e4dc824172","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"672ace3a7e5a253b14a0e383c4305f2cd050e9fc53bae046d4b396d4e6eae7e1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T09:24:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"e58c6e251ad2d8542d9e7665ca9d8f652fef9128ce92e5a783194abb7e261d7f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.07581","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0837ce11c451f7e8a28bd5c0ca46e4334a5267857e99b8810476b8e7241d964a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0837ce11c451f7e8a28bd5c0ca46e4334a5267857e99b8810476b8e7241d964a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29.779339Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29.779339Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"E+6ac0tyPPB51pgNvU3gsqJxGftZ/SKWBtZOxg4G025o12ikitcEQGgj5m69emdCEQ4zb8JFugk04kvHxYAZBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:29.779791Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.07581","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a80e9339c5704b7842e9d3264d5df703e50fec518ce6358731c424e4dc824172","sha256:2aeb58c73b3e11e67b8c5b5d2286f96f33c750600e1badfed97a939e12347350"],"state_sha256":"664538b2cbc321259f6709b0bd2e01ec3a7d1e6912583eeb34832765d90de9d3"}