{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E","short_pith_number":"pith:BAKYBE2O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.1306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T08:25:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"title_canon_sha256":"2001f3b04d20245ab3b2299b5bda4a07a7a0a1b98d28c48ce78aa741457e10fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"913561091dd81bc9d165e33d4ebd7a3894272a5cd4c41f7df440adbf8a21125e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"081580934e8622350a025f6f1226aff13f1be0d26012f4b6bdf908b88bae5003","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1401.1306","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.1306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.1306v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.1306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BAKYBE2OQYRD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BAKYBE2O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.1306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T08:25:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"title_canon_sha256":"2001f3b04d20245ab3b2299b5bda4a07a7a0a1b98d28c48ce78aa741457e10fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"913561091dd81bc9d165e33d4ebd7a3894272a5cd4c41f7df440adbf8a21125e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"081580934e8622350a025f6f1226aff13f1be0d26012f4b6bdf908b88bae5003","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33.337888Z","signature_b64":"wbVFKF+aJr9ECjWNdaA8Q+YT4uYDluemq/aa32dhXdKHW9GX0aa4z5bY7O2jiIqO5EhP3pnDYJIV8eQk7uKyCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"081580934e8622350a025f6f1226aff13f1be0d26012f4b6bdf908b88bae5003","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33.337357Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33.337357Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1401.1306","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+uvGRcaXloupVM2h1PnIHJ9iQatyL1z6sVdO4VYDkPLITxNk14Uv2W3tb4s3pe2GBLqbESM0VUQgSZlOjhzKBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T18:18:42.050097Z"},"content_sha256":"84b2e53973612193ad409f4557cf097b613daf563721491ad819fee899acc577","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:84b2e53973612193ad409f4557cf097b613daf563721491ad819fee899acc577"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gravity-driven enhancement of heavy particle clustering in turbulent flow","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Holger Homann, Jeremie Bec, Samriddhi Sankar Ray","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T08:25:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Heavy particles suspended in a turbulent flow settle faster than in a still fluid. This effect stems from a preferential sampling of the regions where the fluid flows downward and is quantified here as a function of the level of turbulence, of particle inertia, and of the ratio between gravity and turbulent accelerations. By using analytical methods and detailed, state-of-the-art numerical simulations, settling is shown to induce an effective horizontal two-dimensional dynamics that increases clustering and reduce relative velocities between particles. These two competing effects can either in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.1306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8c8E1umypSiA2g3J6pzVvJHzjYmFrvhUIP81/py1MWvrdkFSiptLrDnfQOO/2M+m4XsSQDGKcog8TfEkAsBYDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T18:18:42.050738Z"},"content_sha256":"7dbd586d6bb8959b469f165e22f0b33b4e88c30dcd4dae05d00ec23b5e6ce3b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7dbd586d6bb8959b469f165e22f0b33b4e88c30dcd4dae05d00ec23b5e6ce3b3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T18:18:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQCL5XREJVP6E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"913561091dd81bc9d165e33d4ebd7a3894272a5cd4c41f7df440adbf8a21125e","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T08:25:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"2001f3b04d20245ab3b2299b5bda4a07a7a0a1b98d28c48ce78aa741457e10fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.1306","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.1306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.1306v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.1306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BAKYBE2OQYRD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BAKYBE2OQYRDKCQC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BAKYBE2O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7dbd586d6bb8959b469f165e22f0b33b4e88c30dcd4dae05d00ec23b5e6ce3b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Heavy particles suspended in a turbulent flow settle faster than in a still fluid. This effect stems from a preferential sampling of the regions where the fluid flows downward and is quantified here as a function of the level of turbulence, of particle inertia, and of the ratio between gravity and turbulent accelerations. By using analytical methods and detailed, state-of-the-art numerical simulations, settling is shown to induce an effective horizontal two-dimensional dynamics that increases clustering and reduce relative velocities between particles. These two competing effects can either in","authors_text":"Holger Homann, Jeremie Bec, Samriddhi Sankar Ray","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T08:25:57Z","title":"Gravity-driven enhancement of heavy particle clustering in turbulent flow"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.1306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:84b2e53973612193ad409f4557cf097b613daf563721491ad819fee899acc577","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"913561091dd81bc9d165e33d4ebd7a3894272a5cd4c41f7df440adbf8a21125e","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-01-07T08:25:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"2001f3b04d20245ab3b2299b5bda4a07a7a0a1b98d28c48ce78aa741457e10fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.1306","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"081580934e8622350a025f6f1226aff13f1be0d26012f4b6bdf908b88bae5003","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"081580934e8622350a025f6f1226aff13f1be0d26012f4b6bdf908b88bae5003","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33.337357Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33.337357Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wbVFKF+aJr9ECjWNdaA8Q+YT4uYDluemq/aa32dhXdKHW9GX0aa4z5bY7O2jiIqO5EhP3pnDYJIV8eQk7uKyCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:33.337888Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1401.1306","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:84b2e53973612193ad409f4557cf097b613daf563721491ad819fee899acc577","sha256:7dbd586d6bb8959b469f165e22f0b33b4e88c30dcd4dae05d00ec23b5e6ce3b3"],"state_sha256":"8dcba1b410c58e5496748f475561641d6ef733c416572b431cf3dc83670d8477"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6Hhn5vE/J5U6ixcPr8jeC0KS4sdQ/hO5sVFYCyF41X/9dzGQBtK7aVrGRPUvDQ5Wxcq1bs5ORyPDcT8juvgIDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T18:18:42.053934Z","bundle_sha256":"e211f7461eeaf8fb01c067a88fa25de565c8731fc1556029aac15335cbc6a966"}}