{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ","short_pith_number":"pith:BC2572PV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.14501","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T15:35:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"d5287a1d66161fb2ab7c12f4a8465c3dfa74cd99b6f7e75b5cb43a7a69cc4c1a","abstract_canon_sha256":"1442088a55999368b1c126bf72683d6eeefce0ad3e784012845b67d634280854"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"08b5dfe9f52363ee24bb9592d25af6924ad03fb6904c88d3efa9a6d457338634","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.14501","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.14501","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.14501v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.14501","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BC2572PVENR6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BC2572PVENR64JF3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BC2572PV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.14501","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T15:35:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"d5287a1d66161fb2ab7c12f4a8465c3dfa74cd99b6f7e75b5cb43a7a69cc4c1a","abstract_canon_sha256":"1442088a55999368b1c126bf72683d6eeefce0ad3e784012845b67d634280854"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"08b5dfe9f52363ee24bb9592d25af6924ad03fb6904c88d3efa9a6d457338634","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30.912453Z","signature_b64":"EmR5RjtUeHtN2QGYap1Ytew7xV62E92wNB4HvcPo2AKER8pkcoG6SHFlHEr1uyoRmOxZcRcUMfx4xmohZbUhDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"08b5dfe9f52363ee24bb9592d25af6924ad03fb6904c88d3efa9a6d457338634","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30.912004Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30.912004Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.14501","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EWBnJ5lhSh2iqUkRvC/k6FfRLvQv6z1kCCDHmndIATTBChmZHtG+qupbqjTi2v3njktl2ycqdMI9i1mulqPzCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T00:13:52.620649Z"},"content_sha256":"48a39868603c4057790971d541281bd5397b4a7b53377097418b3bc36278950e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:48a39868603c4057790971d541281bd5397b4a7b53377097418b3bc36278950e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards a theory of out-of-distribution learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Ali Geisa, Carey E. Priebe, Eric Eaton, Haoyin Xu, Hayden S. Helm, Jayanta Dey, Jeffery Dick, Joshua T. Vogelstein, Ronak Mehta, Tyler M. Tomita","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T15:35:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Learning is a process wherein a learning agent enhances its performance through exposure of experience or data. Throughout this journey, the agent may encounter diverse learning environments. For example, data may be presented to the leaner all at once, in multiple batches, or sequentially. Furthermore, the distribution of each data sample could be either identical and independent (iid) or non-iid. Additionally, there may exist computational and space constraints for the deployment of the learning algorithms. The complexity of a learning task can vary significantly, depending on the learning s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.14501","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.14501/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sycDJT2kXq083Oh0cBSIbqJX70ltFPPTxmhNRRB50GF+1nLd/Hutf0Iza0+CigqmjMIqEMK6eyLuNqyAaE5RBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T00:13:52.621044Z"},"content_sha256":"a6d6aeff0261bb74038c76084354ca324c14bc6c8d6140f954e653e0c56a83f4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a6d6aeff0261bb74038c76084354ca324c14bc6c8d6140f954e653e0c56a83f4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-10T00:13:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BC2572PVENR64JF3SWJNEWXWSJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1442088a55999368b1c126bf72683d6eeefce0ad3e784012845b67d634280854","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T15:35:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5287a1d66161fb2ab7c12f4a8465c3dfa74cd99b6f7e75b5cb43a7a69cc4c1a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.14501","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.14501","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.14501v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.14501","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BC2572PVENR6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BC2572PVENR64JF3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BC2572PV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a6d6aeff0261bb74038c76084354ca324c14bc6c8d6140f954e653e0c56a83f4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.14501/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Learning is a process wherein a learning agent enhances its performance through exposure of experience or data. Throughout this journey, the agent may encounter diverse learning environments. For example, data may be presented to the leaner all at once, in multiple batches, or sequentially. Furthermore, the distribution of each data sample could be either identical and independent (iid) or non-iid. Additionally, there may exist computational and space constraints for the deployment of the learning algorithms. The complexity of a learning task can vary significantly, depending on the learning s","authors_text":"Ali Geisa, Carey E. Priebe, Eric Eaton, Haoyin Xu, Hayden S. Helm, Jayanta Dey, Jeffery Dick, Joshua T. Vogelstein, Ronak Mehta, Tyler M. Tomita","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T15:35:16Z","title":"Towards a theory of out-of-distribution learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.14501","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:48a39868603c4057790971d541281bd5397b4a7b53377097418b3bc36278950e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1442088a55999368b1c126bf72683d6eeefce0ad3e784012845b67d634280854","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T15:35:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5287a1d66161fb2ab7c12f4a8465c3dfa74cd99b6f7e75b5cb43a7a69cc4c1a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.14501","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"08b5dfe9f52363ee24bb9592d25af6924ad03fb6904c88d3efa9a6d457338634","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"08b5dfe9f52363ee24bb9592d25af6924ad03fb6904c88d3efa9a6d457338634","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30.912004Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30.912004Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EmR5RjtUeHtN2QGYap1Ytew7xV62E92wNB4HvcPo2AKER8pkcoG6SHFlHEr1uyoRmOxZcRcUMfx4xmohZbUhDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:30.912453Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.14501","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:48a39868603c4057790971d541281bd5397b4a7b53377097418b3bc36278950e","sha256:a6d6aeff0261bb74038c76084354ca324c14bc6c8d6140f954e653e0c56a83f4"],"state_sha256":"8473b22e294d879744a58cd25e819a54eb6c94025f98f4397c96683b5205f821"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"brCzvP4CwoWKu3Yv56WHVxAEJTcg+tR+NuahKyeufn00Bl0JvJ3Y7FQ95fyjB7Tusz0Kf95akuOzTfC0/whVBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T00:13:52.622938Z","bundle_sha256":"0bfa8d67404f529798bd2152d85ed34b0b992dc372abdbec6d631a5fc4d10109"}}