{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2025:BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE","short_pith_number":"pith:BCRKZHFR","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"08a2ac9cb152d3f04f8525c851df411116761724ad2f0da576e396ba056a776f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.16991","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Line-of-Sight Velocity Projection Impact on the Local Group Mass","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"David Benisty, David Mota","submitted_at":"2025-04-23T18:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The mass of the Local Group (LG), comprising the Milky Way (MW), Andromeda (M31), and their satellites, is crucial for validating galaxy formation and cosmological models. Traditional virial mass estimates, which rely on line-of-sight (LoS) velocities and simplified infall assumptions, are prone to systematic biases due to unobserved velocity components and anisotropic kinematics. Using the TNG cosmological simulation, we examine two limiting cases: the \\underline{minor infall} model -- ignoring perpendicular velocities to the LoS directions) and the \\underline{major infall} model -- assuming "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.16991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-04-23T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"00c0aea91907da6f58261635e9e19b2788aed2fbab2756013f26dbe7df5699aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"6bd2c63d6f3e2754a54a1928724249486d5efa866c335252b7ef72e701a513c1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701759Z","signature_b64":"l/XjaWVTSn1shI0DvX7pyPd1gabCItDBJONw56rXOsPH7NYrnhkinBgaHvo6SogQuVuPJDTW26SQpqGVHL5IBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"08a2ac9cb152d3f04f8525c851df411116761724ad2f0da576e396ba056a776f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701184Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701184Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Line-of-Sight Velocity Projection Impact on the Local Group Mass","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"David Benisty, David Mota","submitted_at":"2025-04-23T18:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The mass of the Local Group (LG), comprising the Milky Way (MW), Andromeda (M31), and their satellites, is crucial for validating galaxy formation and cosmological models. Traditional virial mass estimates, which rely on line-of-sight (LoS) velocities and simplified infall assumptions, are prone to systematic biases due to unobserved velocity components and anisotropic kinematics. Using the TNG cosmological simulation, we examine two limiting cases: the \\underline{minor infall} model -- ignoring perpendicular velocities to the LoS directions) and the \\underline{major infall} model -- assuming "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.16991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.16991/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.16991","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.16991v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.16991","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BCRKZHFRKLJ7","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BCRKZHFR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2501.13149","citing_title":"Galaxy infall models for arbitrary velocity directions","ref_index":2,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE","json":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BCRKZHFR"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BCRKZHFR","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2504.16991&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/BCRKZHFRKLJ7AT4FEXEFDX2BCE/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:58.701251+00:00"}