{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE","short_pith_number":"pith:BD4PYX5L","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0609244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2006-09-27T23:39:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb868ef1acb5798a2c6217ccd2cfc3236724f194a5ce204c8a17ed30e1ceff3d","abstract_canon_sha256":"b21c4abb51e24b912e18998b541e6765355ee494409667c67bb31855f0206f86"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"08f8fc5fab3df5c52466a31c2c22f7313f25eba904ba5c481fb2ff63f44230aa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"physics/0609244","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0609244","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0609244v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0609244","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BD4PYX5LHX24","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BD4PYX5LHX24KJDG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BD4PYX5L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0609244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2006-09-27T23:39:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb868ef1acb5798a2c6217ccd2cfc3236724f194a5ce204c8a17ed30e1ceff3d","abstract_canon_sha256":"b21c4abb51e24b912e18998b541e6765355ee494409667c67bb31855f0206f86"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"08f8fc5fab3df5c52466a31c2c22f7313f25eba904ba5c481fb2ff63f44230aa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.637445Z","signature_b64":"z7w4slAkSi7EtTqvNBAukpvwkztsL5Kza05pJ1EXkJs4bCzuVfIPrd5umO4xz6Dr/06NAoVRMkggn40K8zRyBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"08f8fc5fab3df5c52466a31c2c22f7313f25eba904ba5c481fb2ff63f44230aa","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.636869Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.636869Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"physics/0609244","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fUdNk8dJ7gCXYYLZ/C9t/6HbQCiQEMwbSufHKzEQWe1qjPvpcBM64XVLnYQWnRmXYyqLtb5tC2PXBfazMRAxCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:11:54.057728Z"},"content_sha256":"005a2e9a33c47f781c16ac28778bef62e8b5d0ced71cbc9a9d24a7da983f43e5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:005a2e9a33c47f781c16ac28778bef62e8b5d0ced71cbc9a9d24a7da983f43e5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electrophoresis of a polyelectrolyte through a nanopore","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","authors_text":"Sandip Ghosal","submitted_at":"2006-09-27T23:39:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"A hydrodynamic model for determining the electrophoretic speed of a polyelectrolyte through a nanopore is presented. It is assumed that the speed is determined by a balance of electrical and viscous forces arising from within the pore and that classical continuum electrostatics and hydrodynamics may be considered applicable. An explicit formula for the translocation speed as a function of the pore geometry and other physical parameters is obtained and is shown to be consistent with experimental measurements on DNA translocation through nanopores in silicon membranes. Experiments also show a we"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0609244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AC2XT8PUonROeMy7t/x7A3B37mbuZpjABqB8o/mq13ZxWklWl6jDl28Cm58dvRt5tfv0bwyV3Q337aBky8NMCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:11:54.058097Z"},"content_sha256":"afb10099e8c12758167475db3d702f871c551a1a5a3a2b14c9b8025ebc8a76af","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:afb10099e8c12758167475db3d702f871c551a1a5a3a2b14c9b8025ebc8a76af"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T11:11:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:BD4PYX5LHX24KJDGUMOCYIXXGE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b21c4abb51e24b912e18998b541e6765355ee494409667c67bb31855f0206f86","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2006-09-27T23:39:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb868ef1acb5798a2c6217ccd2cfc3236724f194a5ce204c8a17ed30e1ceff3d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0609244","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0609244","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0609244v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0609244","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BD4PYX5LHX24","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BD4PYX5LHX24KJDG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BD4PYX5L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:afb10099e8c12758167475db3d702f871c551a1a5a3a2b14c9b8025ebc8a76af","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A hydrodynamic model for determining the electrophoretic speed of a polyelectrolyte through a nanopore is presented. It is assumed that the speed is determined by a balance of electrical and viscous forces arising from within the pore and that classical continuum electrostatics and hydrodynamics may be considered applicable. An explicit formula for the translocation speed as a function of the pore geometry and other physical parameters is obtained and is shown to be consistent with experimental measurements on DNA translocation through nanopores in silicon membranes. Experiments also show a we","authors_text":"Sandip Ghosal","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2006-09-27T23:39:51Z","title":"Electrophoresis of a polyelectrolyte through a nanopore"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0609244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:005a2e9a33c47f781c16ac28778bef62e8b5d0ced71cbc9a9d24a7da983f43e5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b21c4abb51e24b912e18998b541e6765355ee494409667c67bb31855f0206f86","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2006-09-27T23:39:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb868ef1acb5798a2c6217ccd2cfc3236724f194a5ce204c8a17ed30e1ceff3d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0609244","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"08f8fc5fab3df5c52466a31c2c22f7313f25eba904ba5c481fb2ff63f44230aa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"08f8fc5fab3df5c52466a31c2c22f7313f25eba904ba5c481fb2ff63f44230aa","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.636869Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.636869Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"z7w4slAkSi7EtTqvNBAukpvwkztsL5Kza05pJ1EXkJs4bCzuVfIPrd5umO4xz6Dr/06NAoVRMkggn40K8zRyBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.637445Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"physics/0609244","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:005a2e9a33c47f781c16ac28778bef62e8b5d0ced71cbc9a9d24a7da983f43e5","sha256:afb10099e8c12758167475db3d702f871c551a1a5a3a2b14c9b8025ebc8a76af"],"state_sha256":"8a6439f1c57923eebee3ea0da9e732c56ba4088903d760c972142aa929795557"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"be6gxW35YDezLpWvrP99e0dqKBAUhUN2yo67Z0RIPYalaNAwn2svIqq7x2ovuKinJbx2WEj3JG8YPt8ceFaHDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:11:54.060045Z","bundle_sha256":"49e866dce3e0c2a9a87b7a63d13dfdf30bd4ffd762721341cf1f31f0618eaa93"}}