{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M","short_pith_number":"pith:BDTD3SZZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.5577","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-11-21T21:03:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"4f286f8fc6b9d10e0cba89ee731b9af98f5faa3126f6e8b098c5244d9d8f0ed5","abstract_canon_sha256":"84412ea8b706b8a467f2663255086d01c82c0a1b17e0c6493376914d196b2ab0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"08e63dcb39e869fbd585c1bb100968eb3fd93005f38bdf1bffa71b1d23cda7d4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1311.5577","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.5577","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.5577v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.5577","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BDTD3SZZ5BU7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BDTD3SZZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.5577","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-11-21T21:03:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"4f286f8fc6b9d10e0cba89ee731b9af98f5faa3126f6e8b098c5244d9d8f0ed5","abstract_canon_sha256":"84412ea8b706b8a467f2663255086d01c82c0a1b17e0c6493376914d196b2ab0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"08e63dcb39e869fbd585c1bb100968eb3fd93005f38bdf1bffa71b1d23cda7d4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07.101177Z","signature_b64":"96ltiqI6xxehvlfI7P8xBHGyc2iUybtcINnnzTw4oj8CJx6HR+/BFskqusKGhjLYOpzjP1nco/MHFqP0kKZcDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"08e63dcb39e869fbd585c1bb100968eb3fd93005f38bdf1bffa71b1d23cda7d4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07.100750Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07.100750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1311.5577","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ynWbEM7G0t6Z7UJffIbq0KqJ9E2bKKLEDmsZ4I179W51lt9P3LvmJjP8vY+ySBIIxebVGMqsi9XjkhzIpuHKAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T23:32:09.421911Z"},"content_sha256":"3985614a2fc3a8e1b26882d0a2bedcc98387b3cded2482a674fda05d10434d35","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3985614a2fc3a8e1b26882d0a2bedcc98387b3cded2482a674fda05d10434d35"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Effects of Fluid Velocity Gradients on Heavy Quark Energy Loss","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Krishna Rajagopal, Mindaugas Lekaveckas","submitted_at":"2013-11-21T21:03:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use holographic duality to analyze the drag force on, and consequent energy loss of, a heavy quark moving through a strongly coupled conformal fluid with non-vanishing gradients in its velocity and temperature. We derive the general expression for the drag force to first order in the fluid gradients. Using this general expression, we show that a quark that is instantaneously at rest, relative to the fluid, in a fluid whose velocity is changing with time feels a nonzero force. And, we show that for a quark that is moving ultra-relativistically, the first order gradient \"corrections\" become l"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.5577","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Yzw8Pj0BItMWvnjAsIInuRYBzR2X032y1QkYvKiXVcLyVUUlOaQji0sO1h8P7iTIxO8gpy2FZmXyDm1SR5zZBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T23:32:09.422624Z"},"content_sha256":"c502cbe8b5af765f24d9dcf1fb67057af88b26c7d7a734eee055030fd0cde270","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c502cbe8b5af765f24d9dcf1fb67057af88b26c7d7a734eee055030fd0cde270"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T23:32:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMFYG5RACLI5M","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"84412ea8b706b8a467f2663255086d01c82c0a1b17e0c6493376914d196b2ab0","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-11-21T21:03:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f286f8fc6b9d10e0cba89ee731b9af98f5faa3126f6e8b098c5244d9d8f0ed5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.5577","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.5577","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.5577v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.5577","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BDTD3SZZ5BU7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BDTD3SZZ5BU7XVMF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BDTD3SZZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c502cbe8b5af765f24d9dcf1fb67057af88b26c7d7a734eee055030fd0cde270","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use holographic duality to analyze the drag force on, and consequent energy loss of, a heavy quark moving through a strongly coupled conformal fluid with non-vanishing gradients in its velocity and temperature. We derive the general expression for the drag force to first order in the fluid gradients. Using this general expression, we show that a quark that is instantaneously at rest, relative to the fluid, in a fluid whose velocity is changing with time feels a nonzero force. And, we show that for a quark that is moving ultra-relativistically, the first order gradient \"corrections\" become l","authors_text":"Krishna Rajagopal, Mindaugas Lekaveckas","cross_cats":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-11-21T21:03:57Z","title":"Effects of Fluid Velocity Gradients on Heavy Quark Energy Loss"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.5577","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3985614a2fc3a8e1b26882d0a2bedcc98387b3cded2482a674fda05d10434d35","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"84412ea8b706b8a467f2663255086d01c82c0a1b17e0c6493376914d196b2ab0","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-11-21T21:03:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f286f8fc6b9d10e0cba89ee731b9af98f5faa3126f6e8b098c5244d9d8f0ed5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.5577","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"08e63dcb39e869fbd585c1bb100968eb3fd93005f38bdf1bffa71b1d23cda7d4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"08e63dcb39e869fbd585c1bb100968eb3fd93005f38bdf1bffa71b1d23cda7d4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07.100750Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07.100750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"96ltiqI6xxehvlfI7P8xBHGyc2iUybtcINnnzTw4oj8CJx6HR+/BFskqusKGhjLYOpzjP1nco/MHFqP0kKZcDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:07.101177Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1311.5577","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3985614a2fc3a8e1b26882d0a2bedcc98387b3cded2482a674fda05d10434d35","sha256:c502cbe8b5af765f24d9dcf1fb67057af88b26c7d7a734eee055030fd0cde270"],"state_sha256":"d221740f83c24b7e0453317ff6b1fb0f6902914c23b0d9fbd5ad8e443974355c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UmGEb6EoTLtjsA3K24YSmSsz9ELHkYKagnwX+pCrfot9DuzaF0C4KRy7r+qLPOIP7aIrrcC+47zZhXxNpDuhBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T23:32:09.426041Z","bundle_sha256":"51ebe9ff5513b436e39f2beb966167457ce7f45904868342a17e432eca1335d5"}}