{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6","short_pith_number":"pith:BES4GXZF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.12752","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T13:31:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"28b461e3787fc31c4b828de04bf98efbfb65e7ccbf154915ebe14b024258141c","abstract_canon_sha256":"880da1e3c65ebc0a7ad2ba3fe544ae99b3852743304512c5c780b078ee2a8f05"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0925c35f255d638aeb7b54ccc5c3906fa83d510a0382613152cf2c59a98fe54b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2401.12752","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.12752","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.12752v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.12752","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BES4GXZFLVRY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BES4GXZFLVRYV233","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BES4GXZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.12752","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T13:31:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"28b461e3787fc31c4b828de04bf98efbfb65e7ccbf154915ebe14b024258141c","abstract_canon_sha256":"880da1e3c65ebc0a7ad2ba3fe544ae99b3852743304512c5c780b078ee2a8f05"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0925c35f255d638aeb7b54ccc5c3906fa83d510a0382613152cf2c59a98fe54b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04.416899Z","signature_b64":"JbHOnVijULbIonbVettenNlVZgqYISVCnG5fsqCwlGpujzxEVzBDty+jmGssQkfh0UDsfHMFQCyWNBfRvr0CAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0925c35f255d638aeb7b54ccc5c3906fa83d510a0382613152cf2c59a98fe54b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04.416438Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04.416438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2401.12752","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U8hGSklx2MAoKozf1GnKkgDUxwKvKVGrA85XWFk4AFA/PywE0/Qi+srz50EzsFGOH2EgSi6R+VDySqtcAmJQDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:41.327049Z"},"content_sha256":"47f66e4fcc962b64d3199f572492b9275dc57577c5243bfad9ac1d7b5e51cedc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:47f66e4fcc962b64d3199f572492b9275dc57577c5243bfad9ac1d7b5e51cedc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Detecting Population III Stars through Tidal Disruption Events in the Era of JWST and Roman","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Janet N. Y. Chang, Lixin Dai, Priyamvada Natarajan, Rudrani Kar Chowdhury","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T13:31:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"The first generation metal-free stars, referred to as population III (Pop III) stars, are believed to be the first objects to form out of the pristine gas in the very early Universe. Pop III stars have different structures from current generation of stars and are important for generating heavy elements and shaping subsequent star formation. However, it is very challenging to directly detect Pop III stars given their high redshifts and short life-times. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting Pop III stars through their tidal disruption events (TDEs) by massive black holes. We mo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.12752","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2401.12752/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"msFJjw8Gu3vafq+Y/evntDehzcQgX/3MTzAoxvMcJ0+FyHQkgdM7H7kt7vZbrrnKPSIoI0D9wF/qwQ1Ak7FSDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:41.327981Z"},"content_sha256":"6c818e937fcd524d6d67ff537ef34489fa59b4d18a79c0275ea7708e865d09bb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6c818e937fcd524d6d67ff537ef34489fa59b4d18a79c0275ea7708e865d09bb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:BES4GXZFLVRYV233KTGMLQ4QN6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"880da1e3c65ebc0a7ad2ba3fe544ae99b3852743304512c5c780b078ee2a8f05","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T13:31:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"28b461e3787fc31c4b828de04bf98efbfb65e7ccbf154915ebe14b024258141c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.12752","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.12752","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.12752v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.12752","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BES4GXZFLVRY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BES4GXZFLVRYV233","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BES4GXZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6c818e937fcd524d6d67ff537ef34489fa59b4d18a79c0275ea7708e865d09bb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2401.12752/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The first generation metal-free stars, referred to as population III (Pop III) stars, are believed to be the first objects to form out of the pristine gas in the very early Universe. Pop III stars have different structures from current generation of stars and are important for generating heavy elements and shaping subsequent star formation. However, it is very challenging to directly detect Pop III stars given their high redshifts and short life-times. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting Pop III stars through their tidal disruption events (TDEs) by massive black holes. We mo","authors_text":"Janet N. Y. Chang, Lixin Dai, Priyamvada Natarajan, Rudrani Kar Chowdhury","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T13:31:16Z","title":"Detecting Population III Stars through Tidal Disruption Events in the Era of JWST and Roman"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.12752","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:47f66e4fcc962b64d3199f572492b9275dc57577c5243bfad9ac1d7b5e51cedc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"880da1e3c65ebc0a7ad2ba3fe544ae99b3852743304512c5c780b078ee2a8f05","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T13:31:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"28b461e3787fc31c4b828de04bf98efbfb65e7ccbf154915ebe14b024258141c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.12752","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0925c35f255d638aeb7b54ccc5c3906fa83d510a0382613152cf2c59a98fe54b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0925c35f255d638aeb7b54ccc5c3906fa83d510a0382613152cf2c59a98fe54b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04.416438Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04.416438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JbHOnVijULbIonbVettenNlVZgqYISVCnG5fsqCwlGpujzxEVzBDty+jmGssQkfh0UDsfHMFQCyWNBfRvr0CAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:04.416899Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2401.12752","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:47f66e4fcc962b64d3199f572492b9275dc57577c5243bfad9ac1d7b5e51cedc","sha256:6c818e937fcd524d6d67ff537ef34489fa59b4d18a79c0275ea7708e865d09bb"],"state_sha256":"19a52fc81493230b322932d10ae7c782171c52390329fe8f8380f474125034fe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kMeUs/kf9CI0lVYFy6IEQpXgKzQjLfDv4Batd9gXjTpIQoi2/2rY4r6T0SdJx7D1PUYr/Rd+1n1v3ga5cDIGAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:41.333163Z","bundle_sha256":"157b5ea939074feaf7bab3881f117a7f2f548ed23a12b090fe410d5a68e14608"}}