{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC","short_pith_number":"pith:BFLNRU34","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.15624","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-08-21T14:50:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a99a6d457962c25ea35e970af9693a28cbf7429163652fc813d6620a53c44c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"47413b6bb22445fe36c56353338d3ef37fa41b1eeb56121e5715bc0b938a14ba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0956d8d37ca7df96e8cbd1a56f2a4128852771278ef4c339a1428b6573f7fa7b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.15624","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.15624","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.15624v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.15624","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BFLNRU34U7PZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BFLNRU34","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.15624","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-08-21T14:50:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a99a6d457962c25ea35e970af9693a28cbf7429163652fc813d6620a53c44c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"47413b6bb22445fe36c56353338d3ef37fa41b1eeb56121e5715bc0b938a14ba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0956d8d37ca7df96e8cbd1a56f2a4128852771278ef4c339a1428b6573f7fa7b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15.803867Z","signature_b64":"3/ebAG9AUzJdzhZDZBRtCg2c1HvUpnZM+01KUbJqVR9s/Ju5Qy2iJRqMQcRcIj5wJxesTQIP7bCw6gTRiU2SDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0956d8d37ca7df96e8cbd1a56f2a4128852771278ef4c339a1428b6573f7fa7b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15.803404Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15.803404Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.15624","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"63L4D0xzO2445tsm94kQAUNKOrIGbb3glS3o1lkm9DssYekgdTOjvyynQ3VCY4tzUyGuBcm2214EbUeCZTZKAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:44:42.057103Z"},"content_sha256":"c61b6335910311c1b3193f07d3098eadf553fde864011a7a00c43724016c6f03","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c61b6335910311c1b3193f07d3098eadf553fde864011a7a00c43724016c6f03"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Formation of heavy double neutron stars I: Eddington-limited accretion for a 1.4 $M_{\\odot}$ neutron star at solar metallicity","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Ashwathi Nair, Simon Stevenson","submitted_at":"2025-08-21T14:50:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"More than 30 Galactic double neutron star (DNS) binaries have now been identified through radio pulsar timing. The 24 DNSs in the Galactic field with measured total masses lie in the narrow range of 2.3--2.9 $M_{\\odot}$. In contrast, gravitational-wave observations have detected two DNS mergers: GW170817, with a total mass of 2.7 $M_{\\odot}$, and GW190425, with a significantly higher mass of 3.4 $M_{\\odot}$. The unusually high mass of GW190425 suggests a non-standard formation channel not represented in the known Galactic population. To investigate the origin of such a massive DNS system, we m"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.15624","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.15624/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dtLVvT0HQqNrEkU9qX+4eTh4ER6yYzLGrxzIDWZIYGEEo2uLzEOSdGy3ajm2uMMiCf4GKHP0iBZra3YP61hwCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:44:42.057664Z"},"content_sha256":"fddc78977dd5858348913e2e29e32217e1937e06db52f74d190594b0e78719fe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fddc78977dd5858348913e2e29e32217e1937e06db52f74d190594b0e78719fe"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T11:44:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL2GSW6KSBFC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47413b6bb22445fe36c56353338d3ef37fa41b1eeb56121e5715bc0b938a14ba","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","gr-qc"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-08-21T14:50:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a99a6d457962c25ea35e970af9693a28cbf7429163652fc813d6620a53c44c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.15624","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.15624","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.15624v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.15624","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BFLNRU34U7PZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BFLNRU34U7PZN2GL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BFLNRU34","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fddc78977dd5858348913e2e29e32217e1937e06db52f74d190594b0e78719fe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.15624/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"More than 30 Galactic double neutron star (DNS) binaries have now been identified through radio pulsar timing. The 24 DNSs in the Galactic field with measured total masses lie in the narrow range of 2.3--2.9 $M_{\\odot}$. In contrast, gravitational-wave observations have detected two DNS mergers: GW170817, with a total mass of 2.7 $M_{\\odot}$, and GW190425, with a significantly higher mass of 3.4 $M_{\\odot}$. The unusually high mass of GW190425 suggests a non-standard formation channel not represented in the known Galactic population. To investigate the origin of such a massive DNS system, we m","authors_text":"Ashwathi Nair, Simon Stevenson","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR","gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-08-21T14:50:45Z","title":"Formation of heavy double neutron stars I: Eddington-limited accretion for a 1.4 $M_{\\odot}$ neutron star at solar metallicity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.15624","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c61b6335910311c1b3193f07d3098eadf553fde864011a7a00c43724016c6f03","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47413b6bb22445fe36c56353338d3ef37fa41b1eeb56121e5715bc0b938a14ba","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","gr-qc"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-08-21T14:50:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a99a6d457962c25ea35e970af9693a28cbf7429163652fc813d6620a53c44c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.15624","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0956d8d37ca7df96e8cbd1a56f2a4128852771278ef4c339a1428b6573f7fa7b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0956d8d37ca7df96e8cbd1a56f2a4128852771278ef4c339a1428b6573f7fa7b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15.803404Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15.803404Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3/ebAG9AUzJdzhZDZBRtCg2c1HvUpnZM+01KUbJqVR9s/Ju5Qy2iJRqMQcRcIj5wJxesTQIP7bCw6gTRiU2SDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:15.803867Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.15624","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c61b6335910311c1b3193f07d3098eadf553fde864011a7a00c43724016c6f03","sha256:fddc78977dd5858348913e2e29e32217e1937e06db52f74d190594b0e78719fe"],"state_sha256":"3e70fc1906eca1353c79f19e48caa4eb4cfeadc43db04cd186dc3e5f30bd7ce5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6ny8ta1rqVNI17qUmaTjepRmzd+A0pGa8ZgktH2ph7xYELrLWlP+8C0N2mMqMz1usiIKhcoAXWKBQxtB8p8RBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:44:42.063270Z","bundle_sha256":"26d8aa2728979a60a093a6a2f61b435e79947758c7ffc5622184a8b6a87c0206"}}