{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O","short_pith_number":"pith:BFPHNOQH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0401126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-01-08T20:03:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"eeab90dfbbdf0ea0fe8cece0f4a3e1bea4823fcacce4a3fa0603de02addb0e8a","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5e7296480488273703b4c5537c2c7b5b54bfdc889f7dc6992204692041fb9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"095e76ba0788c507d5b7cf50a96f7cdbbc29d1cb8255c6d06414887142c203c2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0401126","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0401126","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0401126v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0401126","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BFPHNOQHRDCQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNX","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BFPHNOQH","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0401126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-01-08T20:03:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"eeab90dfbbdf0ea0fe8cece0f4a3e1bea4823fcacce4a3fa0603de02addb0e8a","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5e7296480488273703b4c5537c2c7b5b54bfdc889f7dc6992204692041fb9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"095e76ba0788c507d5b7cf50a96f7cdbbc29d1cb8255c6d06414887142c203c2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47.359454Z","signature_b64":"7lrLm+B5ToNqtlaflSSukOVtwkYeWNo9FIXtaYikwXl5QMXzb/sZHT/HTglKdlN10enG1kY2D7GLH3hgiFShCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"095e76ba0788c507d5b7cf50a96f7cdbbc29d1cb8255c6d06414887142c203c2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47.358956Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47.358956Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0401126","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eSZWbS/JHf0nVQmd4gsk7ysacZbcWYBDhSZzOMVBesCpa1kTL3bzL9iSQAh7KXqem4nHh6TqLCn+pOwup3AKDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:47:50.401731Z"},"content_sha256":"d0db78c972d2ecbb80ea87051b04b0bfabbd00dbad8cf39fca0a29c53a8c7cee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d0db78c972d2ecbb80ea87051b04b0bfabbd00dbad8cf39fca0a29c53a8c7cee"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The elliptical colour-magnitude relation as a discriminant between the monolithic and merger paradigms: the importance of progenitor bias","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Ignacio Ferreras, Julien E. G. Devriendt, Sugata Kaviraj, Sukyoung K. Yi","submitted_at":"2004-01-08T20:03:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"The colour-magnitude relation (CMR) of cluster ellipticals has been widely used to constrain their star formation histories (SFHs) and to discriminate between the monolithic and merger paradigms of elliptical galaxy formation. We investigate the elliptical CMR predicted in the merger paradigm by using a LCDM hierarchical merger model. We first highlight sections of the literature which indicate that the traditional use of fixed apertures to derive colours gives a distorted view of the CMR due to the presence of colour gradients in galaxies. Fixed aperture observations make the CMR steeper and "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0401126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0401126/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TQ8pSDc7avfhYjLm2Dm7R6Lz7iybCME5VeUqPPAD7z9VH1DsTVo5s9y6P0KO8RyXsp5c6S5RYLAjifJ3pwkQBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:47:50.402227Z"},"content_sha256":"ffaced99efe958186226026eed64e38021ab289d52722956bbd8695d1bcff359","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ffaced99efe958186226026eed64e38021ab289d52722956bbd8695d1bcff359"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T11:47:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNXZ5IKS3343O","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5e7296480488273703b4c5537c2c7b5b54bfdc889f7dc6992204692041fb9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-01-08T20:03:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"eeab90dfbbdf0ea0fe8cece0f4a3e1bea4823fcacce4a3fa0603de02addb0e8a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0401126","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0401126","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0401126v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0401126","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BFPHNOQHRDCQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BFPHNOQHRDCQPVNX","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BFPHNOQH","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ffaced99efe958186226026eed64e38021ab289d52722956bbd8695d1bcff359","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0401126/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The colour-magnitude relation (CMR) of cluster ellipticals has been widely used to constrain their star formation histories (SFHs) and to discriminate between the monolithic and merger paradigms of elliptical galaxy formation. We investigate the elliptical CMR predicted in the merger paradigm by using a LCDM hierarchical merger model. We first highlight sections of the literature which indicate that the traditional use of fixed apertures to derive colours gives a distorted view of the CMR due to the presence of colour gradients in galaxies. Fixed aperture observations make the CMR steeper and ","authors_text":"Ignacio Ferreras, Julien E. G. Devriendt, Sugata Kaviraj, Sukyoung K. Yi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-01-08T20:03:09Z","title":"The elliptical colour-magnitude relation as a discriminant between the monolithic and merger paradigms: the importance of progenitor bias"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0401126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d0db78c972d2ecbb80ea87051b04b0bfabbd00dbad8cf39fca0a29c53a8c7cee","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5e7296480488273703b4c5537c2c7b5b54bfdc889f7dc6992204692041fb9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-01-08T20:03:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"eeab90dfbbdf0ea0fe8cece0f4a3e1bea4823fcacce4a3fa0603de02addb0e8a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0401126","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"095e76ba0788c507d5b7cf50a96f7cdbbc29d1cb8255c6d06414887142c203c2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"095e76ba0788c507d5b7cf50a96f7cdbbc29d1cb8255c6d06414887142c203c2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47.358956Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47.358956Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7lrLm+B5ToNqtlaflSSukOVtwkYeWNo9FIXtaYikwXl5QMXzb/sZHT/HTglKdlN10enG1kY2D7GLH3hgiFShCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:47.359454Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0401126","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d0db78c972d2ecbb80ea87051b04b0bfabbd00dbad8cf39fca0a29c53a8c7cee","sha256:ffaced99efe958186226026eed64e38021ab289d52722956bbd8695d1bcff359"],"state_sha256":"13cd0891916a1400be12355ffdd539302085f49dc1e4f609375ba454590f2b2d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gJaW+MIfr6xsGmXE7SqeH4L1FY6bLznpLfXJNJ77PRZIfCXT3WwScth/kB2evuQ2C22xaDp6qCGU+29epwZgBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:47:50.406025Z","bundle_sha256":"d8ee505e668801361aefa0fc546c7ed4b2239ba1fda494ab6847df799e84ec7d"}}