{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY","short_pith_number":"pith:BHYBDKFV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.00729","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-12-02T16:22:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e9d1f5764915d9c1efb1853af48e2d50ceac411c8ff282fe0d3fbc23e707d2a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"35f4bd3c4d644b4cb11b54b9e7a13c7ee8af53bb54102d4dc5e2ce6499322316"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"09f011a8b503d92fe37a134b704d04ae23687f137803f94ea4a1175f1009c18e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1612.00729","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.00729","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.00729v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.00729","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BHYBDKFVAPMS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BHYBDKFV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.00729","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-12-02T16:22:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e9d1f5764915d9c1efb1853af48e2d50ceac411c8ff282fe0d3fbc23e707d2a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"35f4bd3c4d644b4cb11b54b9e7a13c7ee8af53bb54102d4dc5e2ce6499322316"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"09f011a8b503d92fe37a134b704d04ae23687f137803f94ea4a1175f1009c18e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06.939576Z","signature_b64":"mY61BzfpR/1O4DNLZN/H969DOj/Wle6xBnIR2oa8+MCV81/6B09xg87fplvHWWpA9lBnzL9BRq3mWipND3itDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"09f011a8b503d92fe37a134b704d04ae23687f137803f94ea4a1175f1009c18e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06.939007Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06.939007Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1612.00729","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/eoB0yFQHqjLtlIt9RG8b9GoNoUBWbJSsw6ucjGIq/alOGD+qEruidEshDHODgQyxRKg4+/9djHzji7lWwpfDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:41:50.745988Z"},"content_sha256":"09fec6193ff37f282394dbfc7d396fc533a9d8935673230c51d51bc2247bbb85","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09fec6193ff37f282394dbfc7d396fc533a9d8935673230c51d51bc2247bbb85"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Automated assessment of non-native learner essays: Investigating the role of linguistic features","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Sowmya Vajjala","submitted_at":"2016-12-02T16:22:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"Automatic essay scoring (AES) refers to the process of scoring free text responses to given prompts, considering human grader scores as the gold standard. Writing such essays is an essential component of many language and aptitude exams. Hence, AES became an active and established area of research, and there are many proprietary systems used in real life applications today. However, not much is known about which specific linguistic features are useful for prediction and how much of this is consistent across datasets. This article addresses that by exploring the role of various linguistic featu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.00729","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ggO/UGQUaChIOG7vrbZ/Q8HscgP1hcujoBkUN5TYxIs5rG+MFuHlqaRHrq8bGyF0/EKZGqoy+ohFo1LVpoi5Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:41:50.746499Z"},"content_sha256":"09c2b835c333eba7d7ed50394a09cc5ba469f81bd0f4eefad81b89fbcdcb162f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09c2b835c333eba7d7ed50394a09cc5ba469f81bd0f4eefad81b89fbcdcb162f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T18:41:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32CNFXATIEVY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"35f4bd3c4d644b4cb11b54b9e7a13c7ee8af53bb54102d4dc5e2ce6499322316","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-12-02T16:22:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"e9d1f5764915d9c1efb1853af48e2d50ceac411c8ff282fe0d3fbc23e707d2a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.00729","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.00729","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.00729v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.00729","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BHYBDKFVAPMS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BHYBDKFVAPMS7Y32","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BHYBDKFV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:09c2b835c333eba7d7ed50394a09cc5ba469f81bd0f4eefad81b89fbcdcb162f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Automatic essay scoring (AES) refers to the process of scoring free text responses to given prompts, considering human grader scores as the gold standard. Writing such essays is an essential component of many language and aptitude exams. Hence, AES became an active and established area of research, and there are many proprietary systems used in real life applications today. However, not much is known about which specific linguistic features are useful for prediction and how much of this is consistent across datasets. This article addresses that by exploring the role of various linguistic featu","authors_text":"Sowmya Vajjala","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-12-02T16:22:49Z","title":"Automated assessment of non-native learner essays: Investigating the role of linguistic features"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.00729","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:09fec6193ff37f282394dbfc7d396fc533a9d8935673230c51d51bc2247bbb85","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"35f4bd3c4d644b4cb11b54b9e7a13c7ee8af53bb54102d4dc5e2ce6499322316","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-12-02T16:22:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"e9d1f5764915d9c1efb1853af48e2d50ceac411c8ff282fe0d3fbc23e707d2a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.00729","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"09f011a8b503d92fe37a134b704d04ae23687f137803f94ea4a1175f1009c18e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"09f011a8b503d92fe37a134b704d04ae23687f137803f94ea4a1175f1009c18e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06.939007Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06.939007Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mY61BzfpR/1O4DNLZN/H969DOj/Wle6xBnIR2oa8+MCV81/6B09xg87fplvHWWpA9lBnzL9BRq3mWipND3itDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:06.939576Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1612.00729","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:09fec6193ff37f282394dbfc7d396fc533a9d8935673230c51d51bc2247bbb85","sha256:09c2b835c333eba7d7ed50394a09cc5ba469f81bd0f4eefad81b89fbcdcb162f"],"state_sha256":"8918f52e80acba370e63672ff5a806e1ce674b7bac24cddbf0668ce83e0084d1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q5BCU9kJ1pX7cvfRLepeXcsaqWASIswhDRv/aXN8M3wZ1CztHdnsg5dchISCiwvnv/WQq7U53GqGpEFxH7PGDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:41:50.751602Z","bundle_sha256":"13e6922621940a673d6225f16fdfd4e46ec825c4558d44bce0d09b32f29db419"}}