{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF","short_pith_number":"pith:BKIQQQIB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.10788","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-09-24T10:12:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"17d969895d75469d664e139642dc2c4fd3f2d73e2296d6c8fb3226d460784137","abstract_canon_sha256":"c2555b3737e94386778c46c506ede86200968262f1b017269b9c2cc0ea069ab4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0a910841016c785a4f46d2d68e9844a97912d72c0ad86798654b1fb76f3533f5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.10788","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.10788","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.10788v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.10788","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BKIQQQIBNR4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BKIQQQIB","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.10788","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-09-24T10:12:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"17d969895d75469d664e139642dc2c4fd3f2d73e2296d6c8fb3226d460784137","abstract_canon_sha256":"c2555b3737e94386778c46c506ede86200968262f1b017269b9c2cc0ea069ab4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0a910841016c785a4f46d2d68e9844a97912d72c0ad86798654b1fb76f3533f5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32.587729Z","signature_b64":"unp1N7OGC61wItIHwRji/0WcS8iJAoqxVxHqnOvgA6mxlL2AeHXUOiznIu2+2B0athG2bvlFL6u/P7Zf9cfxAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0a910841016c785a4f46d2d68e9844a97912d72c0ad86798654b1fb76f3533f5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32.587166Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32.587166Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.10788","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"khtFEEu0GnZeNRaCQCN/HrsU1vM7kWdDCfvrRbX+EB/0d70z0VB3Lqu4uVGCj/LYcnH0W8O7fTf5oQQZ7W7xDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:01.437632Z"},"content_sha256":"62112c66573a27ef43aa609a3e385c149e21d4b9e6125d17a0c16991884354f4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:62112c66573a27ef43aa609a3e385c149e21d4b9e6125d17a0c16991884354f4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Forward and Backward Information Retention for Accurate Binary Neural Networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Fengwei Yu, Haotong Qin, Jingkuan Song, Mingzhu Shen, Ruihao Gong, Xianglong Liu, Ziran Wei","submitted_at":"2019-09-24T10:12:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Weight and activation binarization is an effective approach to deep neural network compression and can accelerate the inference by leveraging bitwise operations. Although many binarization methods have improved the accuracy of the model by minimizing the quantization error in forward propagation, there remains a noticeable performance gap between the binarized model and the full-precision one. Our empirical study indicates that the quantization brings information loss in both forward and backward propagation, which is the bottleneck of training accurate binary neural networks. To address these"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.10788","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.10788/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"By1FheD+dotJwi/F0xhZihP9u35+UGU9dXILdoW5nURZ/ednYnP9LpDqdFDZ2oD7TeZvor4g1LliFW72YoUADw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:01.438148Z"},"content_sha256":"2a8c376276a4ebdfa9315983daf7de772151b7e08d1bf61029de89b3bd33ce6d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2a8c376276a4ebdfa9315983daf7de772151b7e08d1bf61029de89b3bd33ce6d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G2LLI5GCEVF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c2555b3737e94386778c46c506ede86200968262f1b017269b9c2cc0ea069ab4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-09-24T10:12:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"17d969895d75469d664e139642dc2c4fd3f2d73e2296d6c8fb3226d460784137"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.10788","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.10788","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.10788v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.10788","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BKIQQQIBNR4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BKIQQQIBNR4FUT2G","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BKIQQQIB","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2a8c376276a4ebdfa9315983daf7de772151b7e08d1bf61029de89b3bd33ce6d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.10788/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Weight and activation binarization is an effective approach to deep neural network compression and can accelerate the inference by leveraging bitwise operations. Although many binarization methods have improved the accuracy of the model by minimizing the quantization error in forward propagation, there remains a noticeable performance gap between the binarized model and the full-precision one. Our empirical study indicates that the quantization brings information loss in both forward and backward propagation, which is the bottleneck of training accurate binary neural networks. To address these","authors_text":"Fengwei Yu, Haotong Qin, Jingkuan Song, Mingzhu Shen, Ruihao Gong, Xianglong Liu, Ziran Wei","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-09-24T10:12:36Z","title":"Forward and Backward Information Retention for Accurate Binary Neural Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.10788","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:62112c66573a27ef43aa609a3e385c149e21d4b9e6125d17a0c16991884354f4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c2555b3737e94386778c46c506ede86200968262f1b017269b9c2cc0ea069ab4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-09-24T10:12:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"17d969895d75469d664e139642dc2c4fd3f2d73e2296d6c8fb3226d460784137"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.10788","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"0a910841016c785a4f46d2d68e9844a97912d72c0ad86798654b1fb76f3533f5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0a910841016c785a4f46d2d68e9844a97912d72c0ad86798654b1fb76f3533f5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32.587166Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32.587166Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"unp1N7OGC61wItIHwRji/0WcS8iJAoqxVxHqnOvgA6mxlL2AeHXUOiznIu2+2B0athG2bvlFL6u/P7Zf9cfxAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:46:32.587729Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.10788","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:62112c66573a27ef43aa609a3e385c149e21d4b9e6125d17a0c16991884354f4","sha256:2a8c376276a4ebdfa9315983daf7de772151b7e08d1bf61029de89b3bd33ce6d"],"state_sha256":"ca65125ce2b2f1df850d4de0a50506af5e8613e14071a6c16ab16809673eaf2a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o8X4Z9p2RQgAASEVCsPhVJLKSlJ71HaSbMV84nnFykfSXECg898Pyw0Aoe4Ha37BNKRfAAGLESEwnAT0XKC6AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:01.442676Z","bundle_sha256":"3e35d971c51ee684bf86a3d709937256da8ddde4628bbdb765a1d7929a11d381"}}