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The two images have magnitudes $B_J = 19.8$ and $B_J = 21.0$, and in spite of a deep search and image subtraction procedure, no lensing galaxy has been found with $R < 23.8$. Modelling of the system configuration implies that the mass-to-light ratio of any lensing galaxy is likely to be around $1000 M_{\\odot}/L_{\\odot}$, with an absolute l"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9709049","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-09-05T11:39:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"acd342819123fc1f2759c8ab69a1964018e364afdd93d6698754ee6ea1588d22","abstract_canon_sha256":"da210dd4a3bfb5aa86a4fc5f2d8d8f4716233d6761ca122c9f6a4e33b79021d8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:09:21.472754Z","signature_b64":"xB4znAQiYIz7kExKNmgZEC0pjgwIe9v8Vg1Hs/ufa5dvJoyLOuN+J31DSxTAkg94huElkPUVwrCeQn8uOdXZDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0b240c5ff6c8bea9fbb231409014e589a090b648fdc5e1df710312121d66ecf4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:09:21.472388Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:09:21.472388Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Double Quasar Q2138-431: Lensing by a Dark Galaxy?","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"A.F. 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