{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2002:BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB","short_pith_number":"pith:BMUWV2UI","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"0b296aea88ce730b8ab783c6ec82c6904c3a8c8b8e506d51dc415cf573c70314","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0206176","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Detecting dark matter substructure spectroscopically in strong gravitational lenses","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Cambridge), Leonidas A. Moustakas (University of Oxford), R. Benton Metcalf (IoA","submitted_at":"2002-06-11T18:58:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model for galaxy formation predicts that a significant fraction of mass in the dark matter haloes that surround L L* galaxies is bound in substructures of mass 1E4-1E7Msun. The number of observable baryonic substructures (such as dwarf galaxies and globular clusters) falls short of these predictions by at least an order of magnitude. We present a method for searching for substructure in the haloes of gravitational lenses that produce multiple images of QSOs, such as 4-image Einstein Cross lenses. Current methods based on broadband flux ratios cannot cleanly distingui"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0206176","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-06-11T18:58:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"94c5b94b7677e41d0d52cf8bb264eacc89fbe8983b335627ac1a746e4a378d9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"baf79d6a8453d3fbfee5993e3b635094259376c84ee4c01d14c2ae212f81f483"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129824Z","signature_b64":"Ggd4s85VvEjgxC4YpM//6IaRa/EDDrlfRjZw0RTrpEKP2nL9iruH67/sE2IERzjjEwjXs0OhSyZjSg7ibqabDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0b296aea88ce730b8ab783c6ec82c6904c3a8c8b8e506d51dc415cf573c70314","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129368Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129368Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Detecting dark matter substructure spectroscopically in strong gravitational lenses","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Cambridge), Leonidas A. Moustakas (University of Oxford), R. Benton Metcalf (IoA","submitted_at":"2002-06-11T18:58:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model for galaxy formation predicts that a significant fraction of mass in the dark matter haloes that surround L L* galaxies is bound in substructures of mass 1E4-1E7Msun. The number of observable baryonic substructures (such as dwarf galaxies and globular clusters) falls short of these predictions by at least an order of magnitude. We present a method for searching for substructure in the haloes of gravitational lenses that produce multiple images of QSOs, such as 4-image Einstein Cross lenses. Current methods based on broadband flux ratios cannot cleanly distingui"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0206176","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0206176/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0206176","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0206176v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0206176","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BMUWV2UIZZZQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVX","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BMUWV2UI","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.05277","citing_title":"The free-streaming length of dark matter from JWST observations of 28 strong gravitational lenses","ref_index":57,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB","json":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BMUWV2UI"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BMUWV2UI","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=astro-ph/0206176&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/BMUWV2UIZZZQXCVXQPDOZAWGSB/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T16:30:11.129432+00:00"}