{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4","short_pith_number":"pith:BNHSQ25V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.05199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T18:50:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"224e7701ef25587978d21b318a6d7c5f871135ee36f7fbba1ab15eb9c51dab46","abstract_canon_sha256":"c43ab9b78ae3a66a97e3b2b78366082c10b78924f9b9ab65158f935429b868b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0b4f286bb5f83dbcfc15c35ac679f70712e92f89f4b2ff02ebe2a325d84f5513","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.05199","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.05199","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.05199v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.05199","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BNHSQ25V7A63","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BNHSQ25V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.05199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T18:50:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"224e7701ef25587978d21b318a6d7c5f871135ee36f7fbba1ab15eb9c51dab46","abstract_canon_sha256":"c43ab9b78ae3a66a97e3b2b78366082c10b78924f9b9ab65158f935429b868b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0b4f286bb5f83dbcfc15c35ac679f70712e92f89f4b2ff02ebe2a325d84f5513","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13.037049Z","signature_b64":"xxF1YMgFW0nyhGps3PE8paCcUkmBo03FJLmpv2yOFhffFOKmNKB0tCifwNFtIBiZWHkqKgBuTkfzqXAPVWjICw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0b4f286bb5f83dbcfc15c35ac679f70712e92f89f4b2ff02ebe2a325d84f5513","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13.036536Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13.036536Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1810.05199","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"txmRerrO2zp3AWyIzdt0kRmdf8pvlAsvFd6FWDR8zekCL6UTQrEJw3t+ImDs182zA3ALY6ijMNdcO3Mdf6Z6Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:41:56.832770Z"},"content_sha256":"26c451097f1c4c109290319a8621ac60ee72d34daa4a892d37f174928c0329f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26c451097f1c4c109290319a8621ac60ee72d34daa4a892d37f174928c0329f5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Inflation as an Information Bottleneck - A strategy for identifying universality classes and making robust predictions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Alexander Westphal, Jonathan Frazer, Mafalda Dias","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T18:50:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work we propose a statistical approach to handling sources of theoretical uncertainty in string theory models of inflation. By viewing a model of inflation as a probabilistic graph, we show that there is an inevitable information bottleneck between the ultraviolet input of the theory and observables, as a simple consequence of the data processing theorem. This information bottleneck can result in strong hierarchies in the sensitivity of observables to the parameters of the underlying model and hence universal predictions with respect to at least some microphysical considerations. We al"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.05199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HdvnishCrT33roozLi98XUC4ggPQTu7ndEq3yEQjyE/OMuWWV+/3Bik7X6CtH3Kl+EiK7nSX53VwKmolpA8eDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:41:56.833734Z"},"content_sha256":"488c9fba56208dbdf3ca70c91eadc5398ae6b84e8385f16505833ee6a5c9c095","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:488c9fba56208dbdf3ca70c91eadc5398ae6b84e8385f16505833ee6a5c9c095"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T12:41:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AVYNNMM6PXA4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c43ab9b78ae3a66a97e3b2b78366082c10b78924f9b9ab65158f935429b868b3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T18:50:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"224e7701ef25587978d21b318a6d7c5f871135ee36f7fbba1ab15eb9c51dab46"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.05199","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.05199","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.05199v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.05199","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BNHSQ25V7A63","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BNHSQ25V7A63Z7AV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BNHSQ25V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:488c9fba56208dbdf3ca70c91eadc5398ae6b84e8385f16505833ee6a5c9c095","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work we propose a statistical approach to handling sources of theoretical uncertainty in string theory models of inflation. By viewing a model of inflation as a probabilistic graph, we show that there is an inevitable information bottleneck between the ultraviolet input of the theory and observables, as a simple consequence of the data processing theorem. This information bottleneck can result in strong hierarchies in the sensitivity of observables to the parameters of the underlying model and hence universal predictions with respect to at least some microphysical considerations. We al","authors_text":"Alexander Westphal, Jonathan Frazer, Mafalda Dias","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T18:50:13Z","title":"Inflation as an Information Bottleneck - A strategy for identifying universality classes and making robust predictions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.05199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:26c451097f1c4c109290319a8621ac60ee72d34daa4a892d37f174928c0329f5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c43ab9b78ae3a66a97e3b2b78366082c10b78924f9b9ab65158f935429b868b3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T18:50:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"224e7701ef25587978d21b318a6d7c5f871135ee36f7fbba1ab15eb9c51dab46"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.05199","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0b4f286bb5f83dbcfc15c35ac679f70712e92f89f4b2ff02ebe2a325d84f5513","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0b4f286bb5f83dbcfc15c35ac679f70712e92f89f4b2ff02ebe2a325d84f5513","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13.036536Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13.036536Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xxF1YMgFW0nyhGps3PE8paCcUkmBo03FJLmpv2yOFhffFOKmNKB0tCifwNFtIBiZWHkqKgBuTkfzqXAPVWjICw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:13.037049Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.05199","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:26c451097f1c4c109290319a8621ac60ee72d34daa4a892d37f174928c0329f5","sha256:488c9fba56208dbdf3ca70c91eadc5398ae6b84e8385f16505833ee6a5c9c095"],"state_sha256":"79ed86d69f00db9e7a9d0904ccc2f3060dd2c38db5c8e0103ef3463cbafbbfe8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R5qx6yHpS981UJq4MuQ4d8StMo40M+oGVi++x9C0py+R8xrJD5Hq/9gVB3k4oYXPPyJxpyKkjUUhAYnVbvKICw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:41:56.839526Z","bundle_sha256":"caf20a181e1ed386b77691ab146bf044719cd347ec1053db8acf98c5eea4de5f"}}