{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV","short_pith_number":"pith:BNIDQDNA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.06037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-11T14:28:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.FL"],"title_canon_sha256":"8bf9a50ac0cd5948613935110d74afb1387ccfec1d8e1cf51caa1139cd77559f","abstract_canon_sha256":"334f0a7c2dcf6282b6ead95a4abf07c75890aa04404898e09131c582286e927a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0b50380da05a02f445702ba0d8021a0d7db8e40bc75bc14f2dbe2668b5cf6b8b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.06037","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.06037","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.06037v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.06037","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BNIDQDNALIBP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BNIDQDNA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.06037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-11T14:28:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.FL"],"title_canon_sha256":"8bf9a50ac0cd5948613935110d74afb1387ccfec1d8e1cf51caa1139cd77559f","abstract_canon_sha256":"334f0a7c2dcf6282b6ead95a4abf07c75890aa04404898e09131c582286e927a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0b50380da05a02f445702ba0d8021a0d7db8e40bc75bc14f2dbe2668b5cf6b8b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37.193132Z","signature_b64":"gLfA8BWjQQltKKgteoR81cY++8fk5rizC318ld1Q/8jNY3MzRCdgPrKIg3JQZCGgv4EE/xCHwgVrsiNxZXjICg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0b50380da05a02f445702ba0d8021a0d7db8e40bc75bc14f2dbe2668b5cf6b8b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37.192645Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37.192645Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.06037","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PKEzPFEu2zQ0xh8A/5BrCm4+5ds2jHOVBjOlKIclLrg777O7CkxNDRww0WxZLPndvjDbSo9byJG9Fxwid6cRBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-18T13:34:38.544874Z"},"content_sha256":"053e1b4e9d94fc2ac11469be642fa6340299f65a96a5084f844c1fb12a85c1ad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:053e1b4e9d94fc2ac11469be642fa6340299f65a96a5084f844c1fb12a85c1ad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Validation Obligations: A Novel Approach to Check Compliance between Requirements and their Formal Specification","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.FL"],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Alexander Egyed, Atif Mashkoor, Michael Leuschel","submitted_at":"2021-02-11T14:28:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Traditionally, practitioners use formal methods pre-dominately for one half of the quality-assurance process: verification (do we build the software right?). The other half -- validation (do we build the right software?) -- has been given comparatively little attention. While verification is the core of refinement-based formal methods, where each new refinement step must preserve all properties of its abstract model, validation is usually postponed until the latest stages of the development, when models can be automatically executed. Thus mistakes in requirements or in their interpretation are"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.06037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.06037/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LXX/1bsPJb4dE/vMhkTYnQSFWvFGy4HxYoaN3sjP42WXyu/Gc2Osis/OW8vyOwSY7JRUx9evvfcs0EyJye7iBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-18T13:34:38.545224Z"},"content_sha256":"b53013d2848bcd9c40bf7f6b4b408a20c49670f476f714bb5654dc3bbb63e0c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b53013d2848bcd9c40bf7f6b4b408a20c49670f476f714bb5654dc3bbb63e0c5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-18T13:34:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQFOQNQAQ2BV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"334f0a7c2dcf6282b6ead95a4abf07c75890aa04404898e09131c582286e927a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.FL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-11T14:28:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"8bf9a50ac0cd5948613935110d74afb1387ccfec1d8e1cf51caa1139cd77559f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.06037","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.06037","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.06037v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.06037","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BNIDQDNALIBP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BNIDQDNALIBPIRLQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BNIDQDNA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b53013d2848bcd9c40bf7f6b4b408a20c49670f476f714bb5654dc3bbb63e0c5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.06037/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Traditionally, practitioners use formal methods pre-dominately for one half of the quality-assurance process: verification (do we build the software right?). The other half -- validation (do we build the right software?) -- has been given comparatively little attention. While verification is the core of refinement-based formal methods, where each new refinement step must preserve all properties of its abstract model, validation is usually postponed until the latest stages of the development, when models can be automatically executed. Thus mistakes in requirements or in their interpretation are","authors_text":"Alexander Egyed, Atif Mashkoor, Michael Leuschel","cross_cats":["cs.FL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-11T14:28:32Z","title":"Validation Obligations: A Novel Approach to Check Compliance between Requirements and their Formal Specification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.06037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:053e1b4e9d94fc2ac11469be642fa6340299f65a96a5084f844c1fb12a85c1ad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"334f0a7c2dcf6282b6ead95a4abf07c75890aa04404898e09131c582286e927a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.FL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-11T14:28:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"8bf9a50ac0cd5948613935110d74afb1387ccfec1d8e1cf51caa1139cd77559f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.06037","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0b50380da05a02f445702ba0d8021a0d7db8e40bc75bc14f2dbe2668b5cf6b8b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0b50380da05a02f445702ba0d8021a0d7db8e40bc75bc14f2dbe2668b5cf6b8b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37.192645Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37.192645Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gLfA8BWjQQltKKgteoR81cY++8fk5rizC318ld1Q/8jNY3MzRCdgPrKIg3JQZCGgv4EE/xCHwgVrsiNxZXjICg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:37.193132Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.06037","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:053e1b4e9d94fc2ac11469be642fa6340299f65a96a5084f844c1fb12a85c1ad","sha256:b53013d2848bcd9c40bf7f6b4b408a20c49670f476f714bb5654dc3bbb63e0c5"],"state_sha256":"d945d4b1ec63b171fa24da0bdb2901d547a1bae51872114c3ab43d4fa0a111ad"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xucCPYyCCXM+08TGgg2+yDbf4u/Qj16gJp2RVb84BmfzsM108SITH80MKzadM7YEKbFL2tApDmyMFEAtx4oTDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-18T13:34:38.547386Z","bundle_sha256":"001486176c58a81e46fcb33c62b6dafbb0495cc904fe12c765e6b7e1d0f20875"}}