{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX","short_pith_number":"pith:BNVOTSDI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.00164","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-01-30T06:29:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b544649f81af60190bba80168c610afe38d1947471e2bae398a5a14eef70f49e","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e4b47f5ef9de761dcad9bfa126d457f120d72d6d2aeca6c057d23294e85c4ac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0b6ae9c8689bc3867a7a7077dfe4a19dfdf79b47231b1a4c2234a387b84ecc82","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.00164","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.00164","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.00164v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.00164","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BNVOTSDITPBY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BNVOTSDI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.00164","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-01-30T06:29:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b544649f81af60190bba80168c610afe38d1947471e2bae398a5a14eef70f49e","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e4b47f5ef9de761dcad9bfa126d457f120d72d6d2aeca6c057d23294e85c4ac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0b6ae9c8689bc3867a7a7077dfe4a19dfdf79b47231b1a4c2234a387b84ecc82","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50.779113Z","signature_b64":"HWkw/XjjDTdbuY7wmmYmxa/zdkq6rjdQDz8i+Fh6YPh7RwVOEaTtEqCjYY5WxN2sa36u5qrOkQsAikWXt54LCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0b6ae9c8689bc3867a7a7077dfe4a19dfdf79b47231b1a4c2234a387b84ecc82","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50.778647Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50.778647Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.00164","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rUqf2tQ9zPTreLV9ulRiHz2mWVrIwyPXFAZCehqJ8oZeHhgF4yIhFbseOrwjcpD90zWOd5eDoKoSiClv5kiXAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T08:01:24.339208Z"},"content_sha256":"66336c841fead1d4a95418d950ff3703229264efb0aae3cb217be47500aa4adb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:66336c841fead1d4a95418d950ff3703229264efb0aae3cb217be47500aa4adb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Direct observation of magneto-electric Aharonov-Bohm effect in moir\\'e-scale quantum paths of minimally twisted bilayer graphene","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Chen-Yue Hao, Lin He, Ya-Ning Ren, Yi-Wen Liu","submitted_at":"2021-01-30T06:29:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, the well-known archetype of electron-wave interference phenomena, has been explored extensively through transport measurements. However, these techniques lack spatial resolution that would be indispensable for studying the magnetic and electrostatic AB oscillations at the nanometer scale. Here, we demonstrated that scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can be used as an AB interferometer operating on nanometer length scales and the magneto-electric Aharonov-Bohm effect in minimally twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) was directly measured by using STM. In the minimally TBG,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.00164","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.00164/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bJQz5xkp6ZH4mbx7b/t+8uaUmlE8WsRiy/A5YQxmZNcnsfmZjKBog7NgNcNrmUsY9cF3iH+4BMr/5QlGeiFNBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T08:01:24.339737Z"},"content_sha256":"7bf1a4939700d99aace31d063d1ca18ab212097c0649333388f80768a3bbcbc8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7bf1a4939700d99aace31d063d1ca18ab212097c0649333388f80768a3bbcbc8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T08:01:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2OB357ZFBTX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e4b47f5ef9de761dcad9bfa126d457f120d72d6d2aeca6c057d23294e85c4ac","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-01-30T06:29:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"b544649f81af60190bba80168c610afe38d1947471e2bae398a5a14eef70f49e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.00164","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.00164","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.00164v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.00164","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BNVOTSDITPBY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BNVOTSDITPBYM6T2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BNVOTSDI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7bf1a4939700d99aace31d063d1ca18ab212097c0649333388f80768a3bbcbc8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.00164/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, the well-known archetype of electron-wave interference phenomena, has been explored extensively through transport measurements. However, these techniques lack spatial resolution that would be indispensable for studying the magnetic and electrostatic AB oscillations at the nanometer scale. Here, we demonstrated that scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can be used as an AB interferometer operating on nanometer length scales and the magneto-electric Aharonov-Bohm effect in minimally twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) was directly measured by using STM. In the minimally TBG,","authors_text":"Chen-Yue Hao, Lin He, Ya-Ning Ren, Yi-Wen Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-01-30T06:29:19Z","title":"Direct observation of magneto-electric Aharonov-Bohm effect in moir\\'e-scale quantum paths of minimally twisted bilayer graphene"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.00164","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:66336c841fead1d4a95418d950ff3703229264efb0aae3cb217be47500aa4adb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e4b47f5ef9de761dcad9bfa126d457f120d72d6d2aeca6c057d23294e85c4ac","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-01-30T06:29:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"b544649f81af60190bba80168c610afe38d1947471e2bae398a5a14eef70f49e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.00164","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0b6ae9c8689bc3867a7a7077dfe4a19dfdf79b47231b1a4c2234a387b84ecc82","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0b6ae9c8689bc3867a7a7077dfe4a19dfdf79b47231b1a4c2234a387b84ecc82","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50.778647Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50.778647Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HWkw/XjjDTdbuY7wmmYmxa/zdkq6rjdQDz8i+Fh6YPh7RwVOEaTtEqCjYY5WxN2sa36u5qrOkQsAikWXt54LCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:10:50.779113Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.00164","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:66336c841fead1d4a95418d950ff3703229264efb0aae3cb217be47500aa4adb","sha256:7bf1a4939700d99aace31d063d1ca18ab212097c0649333388f80768a3bbcbc8"],"state_sha256":"5b03f2d9c0254005bfb0496037aa46a12aa12988f0debb6198fe8da5ab715997"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g7JPUHFBrQchY5WBc8OB37UQyAH82L7UTMOipF+jVNEqDxXl2Av0o2c32pfEZSsu0ABPCu1Uoranp3JvcBxyCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T08:01:24.344825Z","bundle_sha256":"0ecc70e790264c59c2950abe64bccffd2630a0ef46b425700821a198922dfb3d"}}