{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL","short_pith_number":"pith:BO24N5AO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.07725","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T12:52:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"title_canon_sha256":"dd82eee54e94b6dbc2d19ca59baafa0c4ff7a20a5bc2a176c83749e36f3eaa96","abstract_canon_sha256":"7252fb6db3b5f5a7cf32c240269346394ebcd22b215fcb177df3c395c86b4bd4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bb5c6f40ed526b6ffb8422161b86642df4877168820cea048340f20061155a5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2111.07725","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.07725","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.07725v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.07725","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BO24N5AO2UTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BO24N5AO2UTLN75Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BO24N5AO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.07725","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T12:52:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"title_canon_sha256":"dd82eee54e94b6dbc2d19ca59baafa0c4ff7a20a5bc2a176c83749e36f3eaa96","abstract_canon_sha256":"7252fb6db3b5f5a7cf32c240269346394ebcd22b215fcb177df3c395c86b4bd4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bb5c6f40ed526b6ffb8422161b86642df4877168820cea048340f20061155a5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03.716386Z","signature_b64":"sAEhXgOqbVbw+h+DspDKLYOvJahad2obQpKMWQ/9cnXc8FlnnAb7txiRxm0CeOXlLnfSY273dCu94Wz0loR8CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0bb5c6f40ed526b6ffb8422161b86642df4877168820cea048340f20061155a5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03.715774Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03.715774Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2111.07725","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c8nJ1UCu3ZxjiUehCv2c9DfMTjrfCC3/ZHFTbpmviZeHOvTCrDqoqubAslpM26AHgeosg2QIMzkxQVVP34rKCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:38:46.531683Z"},"content_sha256":"cb78bd8168a655715b1e95a5810aff17ca91aeaa34d9501405dc500e71b33a9e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb78bd8168a655715b1e95a5810aff17ca91aeaa34d9501405dc500e71b33a9e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Investigating self-supervised front ends for speech spoofing countermeasures","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SD"],"primary_cat":"eess.AS","authors_text":"Junichi Yamagishi, Xin Wang","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T12:52:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Self-supervised speech model is a rapid progressing research topic, and many pre-trained models have been released and used in various down stream tasks. For speech anti-spoofing, most countermeasures (CMs) use signal processing algorithms to extract acoustic features for classification. In this study, we use pre-trained self-supervised speech models as the front end of spoofing CMs. We investigated different back end architectures to be combined with the self-supervised front end, the effectiveness of fine-tuning the front end, and the performance of using different pre-trained self-supervise"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.07725","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2111.07725/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+czYykir7scenh8ngjYyDBbgdSO+/IuxdcLh6i4j3edgQFmTHMJ3GpuUhXmSkXUsH0RTsxgNriYEhiCxSlWRCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:38:46.532194Z"},"content_sha256":"9818e6eda75c07563e90d91faaa05fa8c6dd06f120da8400a7969aab3849b848","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9818e6eda75c07563e90d91faaa05fa8c6dd06f120da8400a7969aab3849b848"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T00:38:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:BO24N5AO2UTLN75YIIQWDODGIL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7252fb6db3b5f5a7cf32c240269346394ebcd22b215fcb177df3c395c86b4bd4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T12:52:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"dd82eee54e94b6dbc2d19ca59baafa0c4ff7a20a5bc2a176c83749e36f3eaa96"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.07725","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.07725","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.07725v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.07725","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BO24N5AO2UTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BO24N5AO2UTLN75Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BO24N5AO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9818e6eda75c07563e90d91faaa05fa8c6dd06f120da8400a7969aab3849b848","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2111.07725/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Self-supervised speech model is a rapid progressing research topic, and many pre-trained models have been released and used in various down stream tasks. For speech anti-spoofing, most countermeasures (CMs) use signal processing algorithms to extract acoustic features for classification. In this study, we use pre-trained self-supervised speech models as the front end of spoofing CMs. We investigated different back end architectures to be combined with the self-supervised front end, the effectiveness of fine-tuning the front end, and the performance of using different pre-trained self-supervise","authors_text":"Junichi Yamagishi, Xin Wang","cross_cats":["cs.SD"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T12:52:50Z","title":"Investigating self-supervised front ends for speech spoofing countermeasures"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.07725","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cb78bd8168a655715b1e95a5810aff17ca91aeaa34d9501405dc500e71b33a9e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7252fb6db3b5f5a7cf32c240269346394ebcd22b215fcb177df3c395c86b4bd4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T12:52:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"dd82eee54e94b6dbc2d19ca59baafa0c4ff7a20a5bc2a176c83749e36f3eaa96"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.07725","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"0bb5c6f40ed526b6ffb8422161b86642df4877168820cea048340f20061155a5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0bb5c6f40ed526b6ffb8422161b86642df4877168820cea048340f20061155a5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03.715774Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03.715774Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sAEhXgOqbVbw+h+DspDKLYOvJahad2obQpKMWQ/9cnXc8FlnnAb7txiRxm0CeOXlLnfSY273dCu94Wz0loR8CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:03.716386Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2111.07725","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cb78bd8168a655715b1e95a5810aff17ca91aeaa34d9501405dc500e71b33a9e","sha256:9818e6eda75c07563e90d91faaa05fa8c6dd06f120da8400a7969aab3849b848"],"state_sha256":"15ed452eaeeeb2f8e7df63493f2a797057b8b9f425bccaa9692a8ce8195e1c10"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zaqkSzX34mzm7GpPPfu0D9WT7xZPe/f+ykklgFIfr3l6g2rAwChW4dsTkra24OH3E1tHdMVpmsUsvczynsqCCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:38:46.537578Z","bundle_sha256":"b6cff05246b4f0b38509344aea963143c71bef4d1feac1dd32871bebe6f33c67"}}