{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3","short_pith_number":"pith:BP2AHTRC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.06276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-16T06:28:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae48f9e0f137b92136dd59bfb10e7cb188652d79e4892fa7c409557c24893b9f","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba7ccee56f6525951b5e68dcd83b31f64fdd9a20e10bdce473907e97fad0cfc3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bf403ce2219e34f27c07d040b8e5a16e3c6a47d599e55221b34fbdeadd90b3f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2301.06276","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.06276","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.06276v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.06276","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BP2AHTRCDHRU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6A","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BP2AHTRC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.06276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-16T06:28:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae48f9e0f137b92136dd59bfb10e7cb188652d79e4892fa7c409557c24893b9f","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba7ccee56f6525951b5e68dcd83b31f64fdd9a20e10bdce473907e97fad0cfc3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bf403ce2219e34f27c07d040b8e5a16e3c6a47d599e55221b34fbdeadd90b3f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29.888056Z","signature_b64":"Zpv+ZR/KKzJ3omY56GDK1uCNOMHV/7N5K6wtrzAVy8mEJnKdbQ+4JRE3UQLWGG+1kfyI/1fpAoC9+lpKCVOLBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0bf403ce2219e34f27c07d040b8e5a16e3c6a47d599e55221b34fbdeadd90b3f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29.887558Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29.887558Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2301.06276","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mxlFvZ7Xthe9bvFiS4iRDgh1uVw6Jzyhxg7pC5LR3A4EH+XCKUY0HOP27Rm7zJXlCcHq/4fYUUETBy87ikEZBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:47:05.143714Z"},"content_sha256":"5cc87f6390822071267b2b67bb5999319000225029f1ba56cd1d4c4d44439847","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5cc87f6390822071267b2b67bb5999319000225029f1ba56cd1d4c4d44439847"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Role of Baselines in Policy Gradient Optimization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Bo Dai, Csaba Szepesvari, Dale Schuurmans, Jincheng Mei, Valentin Thomas, Wesley Chung","submitted_at":"2023-01-16T06:28:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the effect of baselines in on-policy stochastic policy gradient optimization, and close the gap between the theory and practice of policy optimization methods. Our first contribution is to show that the \\emph{state value} baseline allows on-policy stochastic \\emph{natural} policy gradient (NPG) to converge to a globally optimal policy at an $O(1/t)$ rate, which was not previously known. The analysis relies on two novel findings: the expected progress of the NPG update satisfies a stochastic version of the non-uniform \\L{}ojasiewicz (N\\L{}) inequality, and with probability 1 the state "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.06276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2301.06276/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4gvVCCX6gNJzMGEU6Sy8yhIr5dtQTLaKjIlaqbj1P74Y3WKuFpzRwBWbzrnTNdUCd/VRmajJ/DlgDoNIBJVuCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:47:05.144089Z"},"content_sha256":"dac010e85876ecd60b9e05bada6e33cd6a5868d6749debbdd3844b36d79cc7a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dac010e85876ecd60b9e05bada6e33cd6a5868d6749debbdd3844b36d79cc7a6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T07:47:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6APUCAXDS2C3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba7ccee56f6525951b5e68dcd83b31f64fdd9a20e10bdce473907e97fad0cfc3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-16T06:28:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae48f9e0f137b92136dd59bfb10e7cb188652d79e4892fa7c409557c24893b9f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.06276","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.06276","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.06276v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.06276","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BP2AHTRCDHRU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BP2AHTRCDHRU6J6A","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BP2AHTRC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dac010e85876ecd60b9e05bada6e33cd6a5868d6749debbdd3844b36d79cc7a6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2301.06276/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the effect of baselines in on-policy stochastic policy gradient optimization, and close the gap between the theory and practice of policy optimization methods. Our first contribution is to show that the \\emph{state value} baseline allows on-policy stochastic \\emph{natural} policy gradient (NPG) to converge to a globally optimal policy at an $O(1/t)$ rate, which was not previously known. The analysis relies on two novel findings: the expected progress of the NPG update satisfies a stochastic version of the non-uniform \\L{}ojasiewicz (N\\L{}) inequality, and with probability 1 the state ","authors_text":"Bo Dai, Csaba Szepesvari, Dale Schuurmans, Jincheng Mei, Valentin Thomas, Wesley Chung","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-16T06:28:00Z","title":"The Role of Baselines in Policy Gradient Optimization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.06276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5cc87f6390822071267b2b67bb5999319000225029f1ba56cd1d4c4d44439847","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba7ccee56f6525951b5e68dcd83b31f64fdd9a20e10bdce473907e97fad0cfc3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-16T06:28:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae48f9e0f137b92136dd59bfb10e7cb188652d79e4892fa7c409557c24893b9f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.06276","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0bf403ce2219e34f27c07d040b8e5a16e3c6a47d599e55221b34fbdeadd90b3f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0bf403ce2219e34f27c07d040b8e5a16e3c6a47d599e55221b34fbdeadd90b3f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29.887558Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29.887558Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Zpv+ZR/KKzJ3omY56GDK1uCNOMHV/7N5K6wtrzAVy8mEJnKdbQ+4JRE3UQLWGG+1kfyI/1fpAoC9+lpKCVOLBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:29.888056Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2301.06276","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5cc87f6390822071267b2b67bb5999319000225029f1ba56cd1d4c4d44439847","sha256:dac010e85876ecd60b9e05bada6e33cd6a5868d6749debbdd3844b36d79cc7a6"],"state_sha256":"1354db3ce055ff48f85d1d4c9ddb94e1e5aafd1b92b13ffa9dc1814a620779be"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6MJxCu1pFK7jKCHtyRPTg03bJij71k7C2TtvquN24x0mHbX82Nocotz1yJxJpBcsDNzspU9fEgDioLEVGExPBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:47:05.146215Z","bundle_sha256":"20bf0085b802d2e583ac85a49766aacef172614cdf05bc839347ea99d0fc917a"}}