{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH","short_pith_number":"pith:BPAM3G3R","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.08971","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2018-03-23T20:39:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"54f37637e07facff0c6587f5486fdc4c9bea67584fced46a00e99816f7e56c12","abstract_canon_sha256":"14f3bd52c7c3b294967872f1deb3cdd36d7efa1ba9c1cfc4d6fd07b085a5ec72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bc0cd9b71e04643e22b6e8a84883eb1d08f4eaf01500df63d62b5d7d4b028d6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.08971","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.08971","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.08971v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.08971","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BPAM3G3R4BDE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BPAM3G3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.08971","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2018-03-23T20:39:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"54f37637e07facff0c6587f5486fdc4c9bea67584fced46a00e99816f7e56c12","abstract_canon_sha256":"14f3bd52c7c3b294967872f1deb3cdd36d7efa1ba9c1cfc4d6fd07b085a5ec72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bc0cd9b71e04643e22b6e8a84883eb1d08f4eaf01500df63d62b5d7d4b028d6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13.083082Z","signature_b64":"eAB15mZNJ9kGW4PRm3c3dfd/KFlUCjnlvt+JtJ1KNbHO38LagVt/X8y5pa4JYVdJInvRICVAwZcFpW0vUri+Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0bc0cd9b71e04643e22b6e8a84883eb1d08f4eaf01500df63d62b5d7d4b028d6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13.082493Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13.082493Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1803.08971","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gtfuKZucrEzsOfvZh7M46pbV0njhPH8/34oguWkK4v/Cq3TbAVfBz2U67ZKTrAiO5DxjhmT0qwkZjPhtB1ttAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:24:51.502420Z"},"content_sha256":"018fad56a4b12a78f70d3adeeacff19d0877c1fed1fe5666bcb9c489eedddc3f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:018fad56a4b12a78f70d3adeeacff19d0877c1fed1fe5666bcb9c489eedddc3f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Computational Power and the Social Impact of Artificial Intelligence","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Tim Hwang","submitted_at":"2018-03-23T20:39:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Machine learning is a computational process. To that end, it is inextricably tied to computational power - the tangible material of chips and semiconductors that the algorithms of machine intelligence operate on. Most obviously, computational power and computing architectures shape the speed of training and inference in machine learning, and therefore influence the rate of progress in the technology. But, these relationships are more nuanced than that: hardware shapes the methods used by researchers and engineers in the design and development of machine learning models. Characteristics such as"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.08971","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o1/7ximALAo002QAy+2ck5g4UuRMqwqVImQZlvvpG+lwFj8IAakq7B8Q6ghAY9OubGgXwq/bl+1rDTXScoW7AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:24:51.503100Z"},"content_sha256":"25200a747e0edd8f6d4e04d4f2ede8049dd8b18fd876c5c982a0dd6c30a95002","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:25200a747e0edd8f6d4e04d4f2ede8049dd8b18fd876c5c982a0dd6c30a95002"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T20:24:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRLN2FIJCB6WH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"14f3bd52c7c3b294967872f1deb3cdd36d7efa1ba9c1cfc4d6fd07b085a5ec72","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2018-03-23T20:39:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"54f37637e07facff0c6587f5486fdc4c9bea67584fced46a00e99816f7e56c12"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.08971","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.08971","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.08971v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.08971","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BPAM3G3R4BDE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BPAM3G3R4BDEHYRL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BPAM3G3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:25200a747e0edd8f6d4e04d4f2ede8049dd8b18fd876c5c982a0dd6c30a95002","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Machine learning is a computational process. To that end, it is inextricably tied to computational power - the tangible material of chips and semiconductors that the algorithms of machine intelligence operate on. Most obviously, computational power and computing architectures shape the speed of training and inference in machine learning, and therefore influence the rate of progress in the technology. But, these relationships are more nuanced than that: hardware shapes the methods used by researchers and engineers in the design and development of machine learning models. Characteristics such as","authors_text":"Tim Hwang","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2018-03-23T20:39:04Z","title":"Computational Power and the Social Impact of Artificial Intelligence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.08971","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:018fad56a4b12a78f70d3adeeacff19d0877c1fed1fe5666bcb9c489eedddc3f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"14f3bd52c7c3b294967872f1deb3cdd36d7efa1ba9c1cfc4d6fd07b085a5ec72","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2018-03-23T20:39:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"54f37637e07facff0c6587f5486fdc4c9bea67584fced46a00e99816f7e56c12"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.08971","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0bc0cd9b71e04643e22b6e8a84883eb1d08f4eaf01500df63d62b5d7d4b028d6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0bc0cd9b71e04643e22b6e8a84883eb1d08f4eaf01500df63d62b5d7d4b028d6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13.082493Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13.082493Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eAB15mZNJ9kGW4PRm3c3dfd/KFlUCjnlvt+JtJ1KNbHO38LagVt/X8y5pa4JYVdJInvRICVAwZcFpW0vUri+Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:13.083082Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1803.08971","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:018fad56a4b12a78f70d3adeeacff19d0877c1fed1fe5666bcb9c489eedddc3f","sha256:25200a747e0edd8f6d4e04d4f2ede8049dd8b18fd876c5c982a0dd6c30a95002"],"state_sha256":"fee412acd638efa6fdc979cecf7f91c03481fd63df10836430c9d723a30baf99"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0pjdIzWHjpcXnhtRHGMoV3+PrkA773JJrJ0+7qYS4N1lzEnweUlD/dCfiqCBXwotkcVbkzCR8o7ELaacT6DADw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:24:51.506784Z","bundle_sha256":"4c62c7b689faed0c45959149a4b2e220900d51b84a86cc9c8523d0dd5c5aa27a"}}