{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH","short_pith_number":"pith:BPH6AYUM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.08416","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T12:05:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2fb1a5649e898534bbec80b9b31aca5c6131338707d970e87560c603c9d54933","abstract_canon_sha256":"5314db63f50dbf237cb6daf68168d907a4a2ae4d93a9fcaf9cbeb9163c00f5f1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bcfe0628c12c28c90f4d02373b33501cb5f6ab2cb806f111396aa00f8f0c48c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.08416","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.08416","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.08416v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.08416","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BPH6AYUMCLBI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BPH6AYUM","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.08416","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T12:05:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2fb1a5649e898534bbec80b9b31aca5c6131338707d970e87560c603c9d54933","abstract_canon_sha256":"5314db63f50dbf237cb6daf68168d907a4a2ae4d93a9fcaf9cbeb9163c00f5f1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0bcfe0628c12c28c90f4d02373b33501cb5f6ab2cb806f111396aa00f8f0c48c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41.235144Z","signature_b64":"spPyjLmw0QVbyKfweUUQ4xvwWsIhk9NEhmSKaUsrGugB59DvFxESEUf6y0ODanhDY96bS3jA4BKnec/kyDyUDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0bcfe0628c12c28c90f4d02373b33501cb5f6ab2cb806f111396aa00f8f0c48c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41.234666Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41.234666Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.08416","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ju6RwVErjovyhCN3RLXCvTpRpkQSRn4b5Jgx5c8mFPhq30wAF91lGk6XvrTnk8hMJbkKYsDfbxaYGVlDSFZdCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T05:54:37.673244Z"},"content_sha256":"726a2d586c552d5bf82f722bf841d570f73a1f9802e5611dfe1eb90c82e1d0aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:726a2d586c552d5bf82f722bf841d570f73a1f9802e5611dfe1eb90c82e1d0aa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Formation of primordial black hole binaries and their merger rates","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Hardi Veerm\\\"ae, Martti Raidal, Ville Vaskonen","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T12:05:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"We review the theory behind the formation of primordial black hole binaries and their merger rates. We consider the binary formation in the early and late Universe, emphasising the former as it gives the dominant contribution of the present primordial black hole merger rate. The binaries formed in the early Universe are highly eccentric so their interactions with other primordial black holes can significantly increase their coalescence times and thereby suppress the merger rate. We discuss in detail how the suppression of the merger rate arising from such interactions can be estimated and how "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.08416","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.08416/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q3L+54eI6ANYRbbzRf7wW373jkcM4YrczBYLc3n7UygQSb6JxETL2+3qK9OEkur3SqG3Z3uDHsUffwPsxaGaAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T05:54:37.674195Z"},"content_sha256":"98ef5d06964b42befd471725effdb6783aef70e0c63b57ec70f81db98eeb5048","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98ef5d06964b42befd471725effdb6783aef70e0c63b57ec70f81db98eeb5048"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T05:54:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU2ARXHMZVAH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5314db63f50dbf237cb6daf68168d907a4a2ae4d93a9fcaf9cbeb9163c00f5f1","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T12:05:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"2fb1a5649e898534bbec80b9b31aca5c6131338707d970e87560c603c9d54933"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.08416","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.08416","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.08416v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.08416","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BPH6AYUMCLBI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BPH6AYUMCLBIZEHU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BPH6AYUM","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:98ef5d06964b42befd471725effdb6783aef70e0c63b57ec70f81db98eeb5048","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.08416/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We review the theory behind the formation of primordial black hole binaries and their merger rates. We consider the binary formation in the early and late Universe, emphasising the former as it gives the dominant contribution of the present primordial black hole merger rate. The binaries formed in the early Universe are highly eccentric so their interactions with other primordial black holes can significantly increase their coalescence times and thereby suppress the merger rate. We discuss in detail how the suppression of the merger rate arising from such interactions can be estimated and how ","authors_text":"Hardi Veerm\\\"ae, Martti Raidal, Ville Vaskonen","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T12:05:30Z","title":"Formation of primordial black hole binaries and their merger rates"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.08416","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:726a2d586c552d5bf82f722bf841d570f73a1f9802e5611dfe1eb90c82e1d0aa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5314db63f50dbf237cb6daf68168d907a4a2ae4d93a9fcaf9cbeb9163c00f5f1","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T12:05:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"2fb1a5649e898534bbec80b9b31aca5c6131338707d970e87560c603c9d54933"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.08416","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0bcfe0628c12c28c90f4d02373b33501cb5f6ab2cb806f111396aa00f8f0c48c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0bcfe0628c12c28c90f4d02373b33501cb5f6ab2cb806f111396aa00f8f0c48c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41.234666Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41.234666Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"spPyjLmw0QVbyKfweUUQ4xvwWsIhk9NEhmSKaUsrGugB59DvFxESEUf6y0ODanhDY96bS3jA4BKnec/kyDyUDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:41.235144Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.08416","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:726a2d586c552d5bf82f722bf841d570f73a1f9802e5611dfe1eb90c82e1d0aa","sha256:98ef5d06964b42befd471725effdb6783aef70e0c63b57ec70f81db98eeb5048"],"state_sha256":"3ea20dc41c01d269e6b12a15be2fb5abbe4745ee83c137b777d5cc692c1b7a07"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IUkp5vJ9fyCYGLDa0Ck+ckl7peOhMOVJazGtXmSHtA6AfF497pJUqiM4AwFLUBuYT6QW9A3yaQpiFaOo8TIQCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T05:54:37.682169Z","bundle_sha256":"67d9fc16b4e5b0c6229bf803d17ff43b765fe73196a925c6502a32a194fc416e"}}