{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V","short_pith_number":"pith:BQS5DZ5G","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.07177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-08-17T09:36:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"dbb815facd9dd19916b8edd1d37085cb1c04ef5889cd4e5bc442daa40e9676af","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f064ec64888408c8911ee5078a339f9996f460bdc1484a24d20a7f7e3cf2fcb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0c25d1e7a683591f26f6bc1016206de544b5d163d7e1ade1ad04f760e2ddae3b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2008.07177","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.07177","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.07177v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.07177","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BQS5DZ5GQNMR","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BQS5DZ5G","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.07177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-08-17T09:36:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"dbb815facd9dd19916b8edd1d37085cb1c04ef5889cd4e5bc442daa40e9676af","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f064ec64888408c8911ee5078a339f9996f460bdc1484a24d20a7f7e3cf2fcb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0c25d1e7a683591f26f6bc1016206de544b5d163d7e1ade1ad04f760e2ddae3b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37.007955Z","signature_b64":"Po1k07DYYxC9ghgOu/VqOL8sUwEdvt3wnfJiJ9chFCAkTj9rNVw1FgLmQKfUbY3uM6rtya35gqaNIDPAg7pLDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0c25d1e7a683591f26f6bc1016206de544b5d163d7e1ade1ad04f760e2ddae3b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37.007604Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37.007604Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2008.07177","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Fw3boI6hu/wNtFbGySsA9p9pburci5ZdXlC6FHp2DCEZIKii2RzkfH2UB0Y8VeT0rb/b98kq9HwDP+EhX1S8AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T15:42:46.183860Z"},"content_sha256":"885136b653f4970f3428cfb87d44dea677d8de98dcf047623c73154d3171b9ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:885136b653f4970f3428cfb87d44dea677d8de98dcf047623c73154d3171b9ea"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Tidal forces from the wake of dynamical friction: warps, lopsidedness and kinematic misalignment","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Elmo Tempel, Mar\\'ia Benito, Peeter Tenjes, Rain Kipper, Roberto De Propris","submitted_at":"2020-08-17T09:36:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"A galaxy moving through a background of dark matter particles, induces an overdensity of these particles or a wake behind it. The back reaction of this wake on the galaxy is a force field that can be decomposed into an effective deceleration (called dynamical friction) and a tidal field. In this paper we determine the tidal forces, thus generated on the galaxy, and the resulting observables, which are shown to be warps, lopsidedness and/or kinematic-photometric position angle misalignments. We estimate the magnitude of the tidal-like effects needed to reproduce the observed warp and lopsidedne"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.07177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2008.07177/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SpVHtwQB9742kwPAVz/oJnu+fbKSxsPUTEzVl5R+i4BbFVzDIb1ZN+sE2uOIyOS8FWVg1rGBboJjbndrA+i/Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T15:42:46.184700Z"},"content_sha256":"3abd558be809e04c13244b685b7725b0c08191c291c42d0edf8775be1bb511c7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3abd558be809e04c13244b685b7725b0c08191c291c42d0edf8775be1bb511c7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T15:42:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXWXQIBMIDN4V","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f064ec64888408c8911ee5078a339f9996f460bdc1484a24d20a7f7e3cf2fcb","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-08-17T09:36:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"dbb815facd9dd19916b8edd1d37085cb1c04ef5889cd4e5bc442daa40e9676af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.07177","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.07177","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.07177v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.07177","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BQS5DZ5GQNMR","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BQS5DZ5GQNMR6JXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BQS5DZ5G","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3abd558be809e04c13244b685b7725b0c08191c291c42d0edf8775be1bb511c7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2008.07177/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A galaxy moving through a background of dark matter particles, induces an overdensity of these particles or a wake behind it. The back reaction of this wake on the galaxy is a force field that can be decomposed into an effective deceleration (called dynamical friction) and a tidal field. In this paper we determine the tidal forces, thus generated on the galaxy, and the resulting observables, which are shown to be warps, lopsidedness and/or kinematic-photometric position angle misalignments. We estimate the magnitude of the tidal-like effects needed to reproduce the observed warp and lopsidedne","authors_text":"Elmo Tempel, Mar\\'ia Benito, Peeter Tenjes, Rain Kipper, Roberto De Propris","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-08-17T09:36:16Z","title":"Tidal forces from the wake of dynamical friction: warps, lopsidedness and kinematic misalignment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.07177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:885136b653f4970f3428cfb87d44dea677d8de98dcf047623c73154d3171b9ea","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f064ec64888408c8911ee5078a339f9996f460bdc1484a24d20a7f7e3cf2fcb","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-08-17T09:36:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"dbb815facd9dd19916b8edd1d37085cb1c04ef5889cd4e5bc442daa40e9676af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.07177","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0c25d1e7a683591f26f6bc1016206de544b5d163d7e1ade1ad04f760e2ddae3b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0c25d1e7a683591f26f6bc1016206de544b5d163d7e1ade1ad04f760e2ddae3b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37.007604Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37.007604Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Po1k07DYYxC9ghgOu/VqOL8sUwEdvt3wnfJiJ9chFCAkTj9rNVw1FgLmQKfUbY3uM6rtya35gqaNIDPAg7pLDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:27:37.007955Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2008.07177","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:885136b653f4970f3428cfb87d44dea677d8de98dcf047623c73154d3171b9ea","sha256:3abd558be809e04c13244b685b7725b0c08191c291c42d0edf8775be1bb511c7"],"state_sha256":"893648c1db8658839d693c3d7b62d28e2bedd29b270328c8d58861da25c18b7d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ha4dOE4mB0HxkPjLDtmtU6lmGNNUw9pI373wrjmzsFfRoUEym8Me6UuelRWfWITVWDZLUJXbfJpOjStwHjo8Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T15:42:46.191857Z","bundle_sha256":"cb43fc875c221a427562b2db379af49c77e396856f338118427c5d85d434b692"}}