{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH","short_pith_number":"pith:BRRSCXEZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.03695","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-10T05:42:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"961aebad233681e789a3993f03f075608d1ada81ebdb8023598650c822f9d033","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b79080c4329da423b0b0cb77537ee24df59967dc1264e51c990182a95c2cf38"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0c63215c9950b77fe281f233f7ae6639e026b61d6a2b038abb19e4306ac3c4dd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.03695","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.03695","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.03695v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.03695","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BRRSCXEZKC3X","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BRRSCXEZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.03695","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-10T05:42:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"961aebad233681e789a3993f03f075608d1ada81ebdb8023598650c822f9d033","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b79080c4329da423b0b0cb77537ee24df59967dc1264e51c990182a95c2cf38"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0c63215c9950b77fe281f233f7ae6639e026b61d6a2b038abb19e4306ac3c4dd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31.353860Z","signature_b64":"yHpYOvfN2BvuDCT9Onfba2jM7cFzorbIl8Sdwea5gAn8yOYti8mZFK6VJCMR0dPQkCVHfhtIGcHOl7EJeMhlBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0c63215c9950b77fe281f233f7ae6639e026b61d6a2b038abb19e4306ac3c4dd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31.353541Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31.353541Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.03695","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z4+HzhW0W5fyKv8aZUsg4ea+H8IwhCpCjTodTTxcxYA/5QR09rNk/3tEFRTCCtmRFxnzUGHgGwG6JqV3gPqlCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T02:30:58.013789Z"},"content_sha256":"b5f2cb49cbff1f6fdc0906add31d1f6cdce39c069bf1957c7261e94c6e1a971f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b5f2cb49cbff1f6fdc0906add31d1f6cdce39c069bf1957c7261e94c6e1a971f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards degeneracy breaking of early universe models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Taotao Qiu, Ze Luan","submitted_at":"2019-08-10T05:42:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"There are many possibilities of scenarios in the early universe, which can give rise to the same observational signals due to the degeneracy among each other, caused by equivalence under the conformal transformations. In order to break the degeneracy, in this paper we take into account the so-called  \"frame-invariant variables\" proposed by A. Ijjas and P. J. Steinhardt in \\cite{Ijjas:2015zma}. We discuss how the different scenarios will distribute in different parametric space constructed from those variables, waiting for the judgement of real observations in the future. Several concrete model"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.03695","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.03695/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eyPF5Ub+P1JxF+ffnwPnWuvoM1DolYXA5ycLS7caqiIXodQwnavEYEbWHZwyh5VG4lVh3EZ3WLHY3sq23e06BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T02:30:58.014109Z"},"content_sha256":"8a0ea9232200633c530a54ecd93c5ca645ecf220f177437befc451f93931d2a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8a0ea9232200633c530a54ecd93c5ca645ecf220f177437befc451f93931d2a1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T02:30:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB6IZ7PLTGHH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b79080c4329da423b0b0cb77537ee24df59967dc1264e51c990182a95c2cf38","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-10T05:42:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"961aebad233681e789a3993f03f075608d1ada81ebdb8023598650c822f9d033"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.03695","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.03695","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.03695v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.03695","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BRRSCXEZKC3X","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BRRSCXEZKC3X7YUB","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BRRSCXEZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8a0ea9232200633c530a54ecd93c5ca645ecf220f177437befc451f93931d2a1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.03695/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There are many possibilities of scenarios in the early universe, which can give rise to the same observational signals due to the degeneracy among each other, caused by equivalence under the conformal transformations. In order to break the degeneracy, in this paper we take into account the so-called  \"frame-invariant variables\" proposed by A. Ijjas and P. J. Steinhardt in \\cite{Ijjas:2015zma}. We discuss how the different scenarios will distribute in different parametric space constructed from those variables, waiting for the judgement of real observations in the future. Several concrete model","authors_text":"Taotao Qiu, Ze Luan","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-10T05:42:28Z","title":"Towards degeneracy breaking of early universe models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.03695","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b5f2cb49cbff1f6fdc0906add31d1f6cdce39c069bf1957c7261e94c6e1a971f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b79080c4329da423b0b0cb77537ee24df59967dc1264e51c990182a95c2cf38","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-10T05:42:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"961aebad233681e789a3993f03f075608d1ada81ebdb8023598650c822f9d033"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.03695","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0c63215c9950b77fe281f233f7ae6639e026b61d6a2b038abb19e4306ac3c4dd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0c63215c9950b77fe281f233f7ae6639e026b61d6a2b038abb19e4306ac3c4dd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31.353541Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31.353541Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yHpYOvfN2BvuDCT9Onfba2jM7cFzorbIl8Sdwea5gAn8yOYti8mZFK6VJCMR0dPQkCVHfhtIGcHOl7EJeMhlBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:36:31.353860Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.03695","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b5f2cb49cbff1f6fdc0906add31d1f6cdce39c069bf1957c7261e94c6e1a971f","sha256:8a0ea9232200633c530a54ecd93c5ca645ecf220f177437befc451f93931d2a1"],"state_sha256":"bfb01238eee80ae3c9324708bb7d3bb56c6691b15dfe23935e46fa0f9bd31a78"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oA7cN7a2icGYeV0pWnwQkaITXxtT22fDNE7g1P7NXjz6+t+l3q4hzR8yPOcVQRA6VhHr4bhqu1hUw4iLCyBgCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T02:30:58.016678Z","bundle_sha256":"9a4fee0127d7e96d63ac7bfc16a4bd9efeeff83ec807e3eadb2ade989842f01a"}}