{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL","short_pith_number":"pith:BUKD6SOZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-14T09:40:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"a802e3ac7974bb49c5255fc866a25413d357135abf1243d38ad9094a1ea20a1f","abstract_canon_sha256":"f2894db6ab52ad93c237511ed6df5dbf3a7539ae46847d7da15c706cda9de398"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0d143f49d99d70cce52b9b19ee6e07aafda27a82b8783442716de9fc34f9b18a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.3733","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.3733v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BUKD6SOZTVYM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BUKD6SOZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-14T09:40:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"a802e3ac7974bb49c5255fc866a25413d357135abf1243d38ad9094a1ea20a1f","abstract_canon_sha256":"f2894db6ab52ad93c237511ed6df5dbf3a7539ae46847d7da15c706cda9de398"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0d143f49d99d70cce52b9b19ee6e07aafda27a82b8783442716de9fc34f9b18a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49.450128Z","signature_b64":"16DS1gsAikQK5TcrfY4CAKVrBYmIjXdd7IjHsmiepWcbHIpBw2XCw7KMwFXe8o5ewSiixIuuLP2kTsQ8ahf2Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0d143f49d99d70cce52b9b19ee6e07aafda27a82b8783442716de9fc34f9b18a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49.449567Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49.449567Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.3733","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HKoeih/nPRYiib65fNsvOH7GZ1Prtidj32LJK2icTuuMXrsdC+f7cHt3EIL5X/MxGCBMWeJeoS0du51+vkzQDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:23:40.166188Z"},"content_sha256":"8d8ff75df33fb85e9515ff3f19436db321dc4bb438dfe628c4e7e50e1aa49219","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8d8ff75df33fb85e9515ff3f19436db321dc4bb438dfe628c4e7e50e1aa49219"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cascade Failures from Distributed Generation in Power Grids","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Antonio Scala, Caterina Scoglio, Sakshi Pahwa","submitted_at":"2012-09-14T09:40:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Power grids are nowadays experiencing a transformation due to the introduction of Distributed Generation based on Renewable Sources. At difference with classical Distributed Generation, where local power sources mitigate anomalous user consumption peaks, Renewable Sources introduce in the grid intrinsically erratic power inputs. By introducing a simple schematic (but realistic) model for power grids with stochastic distributed generation, we study the effects of erratic sources on the robustness of several IEEE power grid test networks with up to 2000 buses. We find that increasing the penetra"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h2VknrZ4+vSHU9s6ZM0kjnbd+IJqd1TNLrZg3vpRa2iu5YvPfjDuKTkeetk6gmhVojOcP4kvhZmuxr2DEg+UDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:23:40.166565Z"},"content_sha256":"c15c81409d9534d9c8998fbd6dd892bddc421dd7561700115a94607f33ce3e8e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c15c81409d9534d9c8998fbd6dd892bddc421dd7561700115a94607f33ce3e8e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T16:23:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJLTMM643QHVL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f2894db6ab52ad93c237511ed6df5dbf3a7539ae46847d7da15c706cda9de398","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-14T09:40:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"a802e3ac7974bb49c5255fc866a25413d357135abf1243d38ad9094a1ea20a1f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.3733v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BUKD6SOZTVYM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BUKD6SOZTVYMZZJL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BUKD6SOZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c15c81409d9534d9c8998fbd6dd892bddc421dd7561700115a94607f33ce3e8e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Power grids are nowadays experiencing a transformation due to the introduction of Distributed Generation based on Renewable Sources. At difference with classical Distributed Generation, where local power sources mitigate anomalous user consumption peaks, Renewable Sources introduce in the grid intrinsically erratic power inputs. By introducing a simple schematic (but realistic) model for power grids with stochastic distributed generation, we study the effects of erratic sources on the robustness of several IEEE power grid test networks with up to 2000 buses. We find that increasing the penetra","authors_text":"Antonio Scala, Caterina Scoglio, Sakshi Pahwa","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-14T09:40:20Z","title":"Cascade Failures from Distributed Generation in Power Grids"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8d8ff75df33fb85e9515ff3f19436db321dc4bb438dfe628c4e7e50e1aa49219","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f2894db6ab52ad93c237511ed6df5dbf3a7539ae46847d7da15c706cda9de398","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-14T09:40:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"a802e3ac7974bb49c5255fc866a25413d357135abf1243d38ad9094a1ea20a1f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0d143f49d99d70cce52b9b19ee6e07aafda27a82b8783442716de9fc34f9b18a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0d143f49d99d70cce52b9b19ee6e07aafda27a82b8783442716de9fc34f9b18a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49.449567Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49.449567Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"16DS1gsAikQK5TcrfY4CAKVrBYmIjXdd7IjHsmiepWcbHIpBw2XCw7KMwFXe8o5ewSiixIuuLP2kTsQ8ahf2Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:49.450128Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.3733","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8d8ff75df33fb85e9515ff3f19436db321dc4bb438dfe628c4e7e50e1aa49219","sha256:c15c81409d9534d9c8998fbd6dd892bddc421dd7561700115a94607f33ce3e8e"],"state_sha256":"246b71eb32c95c7df0687e4dd0e807dc89aa67f30ba4c278a7c1b6cc31f297ed"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zFsNekjJsXU3cGWa0c4QsoTxzmOptAYbropW+yBJBHPUJGOMln5lzM9SYNRCiF+mxemLZbcaVIe8WoFqe7ldBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:23:40.168750Z","bundle_sha256":"1f807dd8f711f334d8debdb1a9399846e185101d443d7a3decebb9fcb06b2b26"}}