{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW","short_pith_number":"pith:BWD6WED6","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"0d87eb107ee60752b1e2a958373be65db5ce3f3c4b83bf2463816e5db6729988","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1607.01194","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Symmetry Breaking of Counter-Propagating Light in a Nonlinear Resonator","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Jonathan M. Silver, Leonardo Del Bino, Pascal Del'Haye, Sarah L. Stebbings","submitted_at":"2016-07-05T11:17:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Light is generally expected to travel through isotropic media independent of its direction. This makes it challenging to develop non-reciprocal optical elements like optical diodes or circulators, which currently rely on magneto-optical effects and birefringent materials. Here we present measurements of non-reciprocal transmission and spontaneous symmetry breaking between counter-propagating light in dielectric microresonators. The symmetry breaking corresponds to a resonance frequency splitting that allows only one of two counter-propagating (but otherwise identical) light waves to circulate "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1607.01194","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-07-05T11:17:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3e70e18252a596f5419e6725896e76324410f719273dc10ba2b559ce7b1d013b","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd1f8eb5db358f628da2f17dd66d709b89709d64feda6a7a3eff570cf68c8ddf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.295299Z","signature_b64":"fmtxgHInie2bBaFQELzeiSBiyLHNTFdiK3E7cNNQjyNYGqw22HsEfe/c/qLQBExgmTItNMEhZvcgwkAwEAekBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0d87eb107ee60752b1e2a958373be65db5ce3f3c4b83bf2463816e5db6729988","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.294664Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.294664Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Symmetry Breaking of Counter-Propagating Light in a Nonlinear Resonator","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Jonathan M. Silver, Leonardo Del Bino, Pascal Del'Haye, Sarah L. Stebbings","submitted_at":"2016-07-05T11:17:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Light is generally expected to travel through isotropic media independent of its direction. This makes it challenging to develop non-reciprocal optical elements like optical diodes or circulators, which currently rely on magneto-optical effects and birefringent materials. Here we present measurements of non-reciprocal transmission and spontaneous symmetry breaking between counter-propagating light in dielectric microresonators. The symmetry breaking corresponds to a resonance frequency splitting that allows only one of two counter-propagating (but otherwise identical) light waves to circulate "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1607.01194","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1607.01194","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.294759+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1607.01194v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.294759+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1607.01194","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.294759+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BWD6WED64YDV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09.641336+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BWD6WED64YDVFMPC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09.641336+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BWD6WED6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09.641336+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW","json":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BWD6WED6"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BWD6WED6","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1607.01194&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/BWD6WED64YDVFMPCVFMDOO7GLW/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.294759+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.294759+00:00"}