{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M","short_pith_number":"pith:BWQ6KCHB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.04106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2025-09-04T11:10:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6c419768522afb49ec4ed216e96ef0a7df310a2deb0ca8908349d75d97726a79","abstract_canon_sha256":"c55298880d764af690cd76d6eede65f38539e3cdede4292c40b50ae47d6ce5da"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0da1e508e1e138cf4ca41c13478039d31a8281645e7f87258b75d8a93b59a1b2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2509.04106","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.04106","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.04106v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.04106","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BWQ6KCHB4E4M","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFE","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BWQ6KCHB","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.04106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2025-09-04T11:10:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6c419768522afb49ec4ed216e96ef0a7df310a2deb0ca8908349d75d97726a79","abstract_canon_sha256":"c55298880d764af690cd76d6eede65f38539e3cdede4292c40b50ae47d6ce5da"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0da1e508e1e138cf4ca41c13478039d31a8281645e7f87258b75d8a93b59a1b2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53.561831Z","signature_b64":"FjiPyqzk+04HE92dkAI/0a6LjcnCYhNWkcGzHkRDA3QmYA1C/xvzf8/CxjX03YqdEAEbm154XcWQLHLE88QoBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0da1e508e1e138cf4ca41c13478039d31a8281645e7f87258b75d8a93b59a1b2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53.561320Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53.561320Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2509.04106","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A4rzerNCSFWmonxD0h5cXX9OtjWWuc7AdwpEkv8IuN0JL8BZhLMPXZMjELblYYiRmgeWxWu/8VC9yncnb1tVBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:45:04.104087Z"},"content_sha256":"09b151244e54b5343184c4db1cc7ccc8c496629aff25bf3375d0c99eec20bf94","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09b151244e54b5343184c4db1cc7ccc8c496629aff25bf3375d0c99eec20bf94"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimal rate-variance coding due to firing threshold adaptation near criticality","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","authors_text":"Andr\\'e Longtin, Leonard Maler, Mauricio Girardi-Schappo","submitted_at":"2025-09-04T11:10:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recurrently connected neuron populations play key roles in sensory perception and memory storage across various brain regions. While these populations are often assumed to encode information through firing rates, this method becomes unreliable with weak stimuli. We propose that in such cases, information can be transmitted via spatial spike patterns, employing a sparse or combinatorial coding based on firing rate variance. Around the critical point of a stochastic recurrent excitable network, we uncover a synergistic dual-coding scheme, enabled by single-cell threshold adaptation. This scheme "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.04106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.04106/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3D3808Y4i1+9nUm39Kspl1nSn90lLOMWPXUnEsENcM3cGHi90s6mrTaVArN2niTuGvhuMTTteCRX4FL338dlBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:45:04.104585Z"},"content_sha256":"8d3ebbc70ab39f2ef2f0111a50909864c2b897cee79b69572ef4c62b4d7a3e35","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8d3ebbc70ab39f2ef2f0111a50909864c2b897cee79b69572ef4c62b4d7a3e35"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T14:45:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFEDQJUPABZ2M","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c55298880d764af690cd76d6eede65f38539e3cdede4292c40b50ae47d6ce5da","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2025-09-04T11:10:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c419768522afb49ec4ed216e96ef0a7df310a2deb0ca8908349d75d97726a79"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.04106","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.04106","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.04106v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.04106","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BWQ6KCHB4E4M","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BWQ6KCHB4E4M6TFE","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BWQ6KCHB","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8d3ebbc70ab39f2ef2f0111a50909864c2b897cee79b69572ef4c62b4d7a3e35","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2509.04106/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recurrently connected neuron populations play key roles in sensory perception and memory storage across various brain regions. While these populations are often assumed to encode information through firing rates, this method becomes unreliable with weak stimuli. We propose that in such cases, information can be transmitted via spatial spike patterns, employing a sparse or combinatorial coding based on firing rate variance. Around the critical point of a stochastic recurrent excitable network, we uncover a synergistic dual-coding scheme, enabled by single-cell threshold adaptation. This scheme ","authors_text":"Andr\\'e Longtin, Leonard Maler, Mauricio Girardi-Schappo","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2025-09-04T11:10:14Z","title":"Optimal rate-variance coding due to firing threshold adaptation near criticality"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.04106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:09b151244e54b5343184c4db1cc7ccc8c496629aff25bf3375d0c99eec20bf94","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c55298880d764af690cd76d6eede65f38539e3cdede4292c40b50ae47d6ce5da","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2025-09-04T11:10:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c419768522afb49ec4ed216e96ef0a7df310a2deb0ca8908349d75d97726a79"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.04106","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0da1e508e1e138cf4ca41c13478039d31a8281645e7f87258b75d8a93b59a1b2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0da1e508e1e138cf4ca41c13478039d31a8281645e7f87258b75d8a93b59a1b2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53.561320Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53.561320Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FjiPyqzk+04HE92dkAI/0a6LjcnCYhNWkcGzHkRDA3QmYA1C/xvzf8/CxjX03YqdEAEbm154XcWQLHLE88QoBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:04:53.561831Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2509.04106","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:09b151244e54b5343184c4db1cc7ccc8c496629aff25bf3375d0c99eec20bf94","sha256:8d3ebbc70ab39f2ef2f0111a50909864c2b897cee79b69572ef4c62b4d7a3e35"],"state_sha256":"6d09ddafb4403a5bb98feadf0b1cb58c1b03a09e395efedec612ef4c75261c66"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NQzj070rTR9lNhejLtoE67/V0pUCuUGCgqVwGqZm4uIYUgg/xxAv5mZbGyPBrM74qdxGI6N6TzCAk3170qj1Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:45:04.109255Z","bundle_sha256":"20de188e6da32814de6e7d0c33b4d1155d7952a8445db0adfa5bd212fd841694"}}