{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C","short_pith_number":"pith:BX7UPC7C","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.1473","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-07-05T22:12:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4ad86d01c7fdfdf61ff43ced4e526482531ba381e094fabc04878c7d92c7036","abstract_canon_sha256":"9089ffa3eda84fd5ddb822059c13e7b2867d906e2121943a58576e433c250161"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0dff478be24237b822b57c857c292de087624af6bf41fb5e81676ce0c2445121","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1207.1473","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.1473","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.1473v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.1473","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BX7UPC7CII33","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BX7UPC7CII33QIVV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BX7UPC7C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.1473","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-07-05T22:12:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4ad86d01c7fdfdf61ff43ced4e526482531ba381e094fabc04878c7d92c7036","abstract_canon_sha256":"9089ffa3eda84fd5ddb822059c13e7b2867d906e2121943a58576e433c250161"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0dff478be24237b822b57c857c292de087624af6bf41fb5e81676ce0c2445121","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09.798570Z","signature_b64":"vPAr6nKWSZSU5ebW3yf6jCYtVODfe41+KrO/xHADJMjgjYB0d3drtt61xvONpIuPPYv7yHvUI3wOiV/5Tjr5Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0dff478be24237b822b57c857c292de087624af6bf41fb5e81676ce0c2445121","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09.797967Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09.797967Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1207.1473","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xS1AYcZ/CEnESgLQENURuXQ6lYCB9sThu3Tm4a1KY5O8/jLgSVglY8OK7VmxYn3zeafwtEkWmJoymWjbQ+l5Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T02:19:37.819151Z"},"content_sha256":"fa8e58e474a58ee79e679a25fdc44f5f7aea278acc339d70c017eefbff3a6cee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fa8e58e474a58ee79e679a25fdc44f5f7aea278acc339d70c017eefbff3a6cee"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Postprocessing for quantum random number generators: entropy evaluation and randomness extraction","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Bing Qi, Feihu Xu, He Xu, Hoi-Kwong Lo, Xiaoqing Tan, Xiongfeng Ma","submitted_at":"2012-07-05T22:12:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Quantum random-number generators (QRNGs) can offer a means to generate information-theoretically provable random numbers, in principle. In practice, unfortunately, the quantum randomness is inevitably mixed with classical randomness due to classical noises. To distill this quantum randomness, one needs to quantify the randomness of the source and apply a randomness extractor. Here, we propose a generic framework for evaluating quantum randomness of real-life QRNGs by min-entropy, and apply it to two different existing quantum random-number systems in the literature. Moreover, we provide a guid"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.1473","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xCfZnJ5MDjvYUJaF1drigV1bSA7XBPDxn1HiDxTBSS1ybjaFRXJfIy4jauOtDteNNTl9ppD4W1GjZ75mI8K3CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T02:19:37.819880Z"},"content_sha256":"ea3437645617b2f9f75da0711baf0a0b2518ae4951f0015a24f1e94e133a6d59","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ea3437645617b2f9f75da0711baf0a0b2518ae4951f0015a24f1e94e133a6d59"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T02:19:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:BX7UPC7CII33QIVVPSCXYKJN4C","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9089ffa3eda84fd5ddb822059c13e7b2867d906e2121943a58576e433c250161","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-07-05T22:12:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4ad86d01c7fdfdf61ff43ced4e526482531ba381e094fabc04878c7d92c7036"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.1473","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.1473","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.1473v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.1473","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BX7UPC7CII33","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BX7UPC7CII33QIVV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BX7UPC7C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ea3437645617b2f9f75da0711baf0a0b2518ae4951f0015a24f1e94e133a6d59","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Quantum random-number generators (QRNGs) can offer a means to generate information-theoretically provable random numbers, in principle. In practice, unfortunately, the quantum randomness is inevitably mixed with classical randomness due to classical noises. To distill this quantum randomness, one needs to quantify the randomness of the source and apply a randomness extractor. Here, we propose a generic framework for evaluating quantum randomness of real-life QRNGs by min-entropy, and apply it to two different existing quantum random-number systems in the literature. Moreover, we provide a guid","authors_text":"Bing Qi, Feihu Xu, He Xu, Hoi-Kwong Lo, Xiaoqing Tan, Xiongfeng Ma","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-07-05T22:12:05Z","title":"Postprocessing for quantum random number generators: entropy evaluation and randomness extraction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.1473","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fa8e58e474a58ee79e679a25fdc44f5f7aea278acc339d70c017eefbff3a6cee","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9089ffa3eda84fd5ddb822059c13e7b2867d906e2121943a58576e433c250161","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-07-05T22:12:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4ad86d01c7fdfdf61ff43ced4e526482531ba381e094fabc04878c7d92c7036"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.1473","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0dff478be24237b822b57c857c292de087624af6bf41fb5e81676ce0c2445121","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0dff478be24237b822b57c857c292de087624af6bf41fb5e81676ce0c2445121","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09.797967Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09.797967Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vPAr6nKWSZSU5ebW3yf6jCYtVODfe41+KrO/xHADJMjgjYB0d3drtt61xvONpIuPPYv7yHvUI3wOiV/5Tjr5Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:20:09.798570Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1207.1473","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fa8e58e474a58ee79e679a25fdc44f5f7aea278acc339d70c017eefbff3a6cee","sha256:ea3437645617b2f9f75da0711baf0a0b2518ae4951f0015a24f1e94e133a6d59"],"state_sha256":"485e4c6597855c38c188caafb3935adc70434d09efd0ffad19a7818dfcc78d8b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+5IcX9m+dzofBqobbM8bYyeps/m1RWc2lM/LfzRaVRVsQ7Y8oOVVAtIDL8wc/rTUuurRbWVzMoiSN6gGmrmaCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T02:19:37.823422Z","bundle_sha256":"daac459cbbb87e42db90b4aef039c4886761b8a645c1ab5ac9d844baac62e8e8"}}