{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6","short_pith_number":"pith:BXKPPXTT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.08458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2016-05-26T21:55:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3b276376fff947fd5d87888ee1d93fc70bd1d2ff0c3cec541600e7635abb0adc","abstract_canon_sha256":"e5b9dd1e71f3511dda1696c3c390c0b05cdb0676bdd96dea9c00b114a6dffb91"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0dd4f7de7364826f2fece631dce3e8b795dce21eedf3671708a90663ed0ef3ad","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1605.08458","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.08458","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.08458v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.08458","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BXKPPXTTMSBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BXKPPXTT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.08458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2016-05-26T21:55:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3b276376fff947fd5d87888ee1d93fc70bd1d2ff0c3cec541600e7635abb0adc","abstract_canon_sha256":"e5b9dd1e71f3511dda1696c3c390c0b05cdb0676bdd96dea9c00b114a6dffb91"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0dd4f7de7364826f2fece631dce3e8b795dce21eedf3671708a90663ed0ef3ad","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29.892834Z","signature_b64":"oXXEWirnKKa+LOykMFOdz0+FRebvH3tYoBgvw+e0G7qzc309Rgux1cc2k9nixI37DyUhosn372CFmWrXDfgBBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0dd4f7de7364826f2fece631dce3e8b795dce21eedf3671708a90663ed0ef3ad","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29.892105Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29.892105Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1605.08458","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wWqwxx4lRcj+R5agXPJO/bkKvp/6bhXk3HSafq+JU3TKNLO+nB6hbjkhOULJWIsJvGG74dI0uiXeas4FWChhBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T09:51:09.443252Z"},"content_sha256":"42a65337ec5ead4555eb9ea8bf5b91c966a76320cee196986279d6507dba50ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:42a65337ec5ead4555eb9ea8bf5b91c966a76320cee196986279d6507dba50ae"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An LES study of turbulent flow over in-line tube-banks and comparison with experimental measurements","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"C. Jin, D. C. Swailes, I. Potts, M. W. Reeks","submitted_at":"2016-05-26T21:55:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Turbulent flow across an in-line array of tube-banks with transverse and longitudinal pitch PT /D = 2.67, and PL /D = 2.31, has been simulated successfully by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based on the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid scale model (SGS), in which a wall-layer model is used to reduce the computational cost. The flow structures across the tube-banks were examined through the normalized Q criterion. The surface pressure characteristics from the middle cylinder within each column of cylinders are found to agree well with the existing experimental data, as did also the values of drag and l"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.08458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tzq3Ikl+24WBvLkXe1I7TmrH3Cl6JVgeClh+zAJp/yon9h60LIVPqSMUUTXJfb/r6WGxpffBb8pn9LpS1mhCDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T09:51:09.443945Z"},"content_sha256":"e3fd6b5acac42e13361c9b10a2555c73fe9416de3b68e5bdbb5b8de79b769714","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3fd6b5acac42e13361c9b10a2555c73fe9416de3b68e5bdbb5b8de79b769714"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T09:51:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M4YY5ZY7IW6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e5b9dd1e71f3511dda1696c3c390c0b05cdb0676bdd96dea9c00b114a6dffb91","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2016-05-26T21:55:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b276376fff947fd5d87888ee1d93fc70bd1d2ff0c3cec541600e7635abb0adc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.08458","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.08458","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.08458v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.08458","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BXKPPXTTMSBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BXKPPXTTMSBG6L7M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BXKPPXTT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e3fd6b5acac42e13361c9b10a2555c73fe9416de3b68e5bdbb5b8de79b769714","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Turbulent flow across an in-line array of tube-banks with transverse and longitudinal pitch PT /D = 2.67, and PL /D = 2.31, has been simulated successfully by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based on the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid scale model (SGS), in which a wall-layer model is used to reduce the computational cost. The flow structures across the tube-banks were examined through the normalized Q criterion. The surface pressure characteristics from the middle cylinder within each column of cylinders are found to agree well with the existing experimental data, as did also the values of drag and l","authors_text":"C. Jin, D. C. Swailes, I. Potts, M. W. Reeks","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2016-05-26T21:55:36Z","title":"An LES study of turbulent flow over in-line tube-banks and comparison with experimental measurements"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.08458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:42a65337ec5ead4555eb9ea8bf5b91c966a76320cee196986279d6507dba50ae","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e5b9dd1e71f3511dda1696c3c390c0b05cdb0676bdd96dea9c00b114a6dffb91","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2016-05-26T21:55:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b276376fff947fd5d87888ee1d93fc70bd1d2ff0c3cec541600e7635abb0adc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.08458","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0dd4f7de7364826f2fece631dce3e8b795dce21eedf3671708a90663ed0ef3ad","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0dd4f7de7364826f2fece631dce3e8b795dce21eedf3671708a90663ed0ef3ad","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29.892105Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29.892105Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oXXEWirnKKa+LOykMFOdz0+FRebvH3tYoBgvw+e0G7qzc309Rgux1cc2k9nixI37DyUhosn372CFmWrXDfgBBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:29.892834Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1605.08458","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:42a65337ec5ead4555eb9ea8bf5b91c966a76320cee196986279d6507dba50ae","sha256:e3fd6b5acac42e13361c9b10a2555c73fe9416de3b68e5bdbb5b8de79b769714"],"state_sha256":"b60f3d9cbfe6435e953639ef2be29dd4d8604f111a2baee55787f9d9aa4ca4b4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+1bfNi6Cff1y054M1RYU13fdIRJ1Xy92U75DfMABbxIM4wxhwzMUStKQZsOplSwqjtnjiOb2Kd7FFRM9hj+zBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T09:51:09.447609Z","bundle_sha256":"d169a9ed4013172a55e80f0e5d9d46d0bda407729b2cf3f18e0fef28064f2657"}}