{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT","short_pith_number":"pith:BXRD33ND","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.16582","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-22T12:17:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"b1f0f83cab3927004b281ad59244deaa5aa13c9d516a58f653babe823f0ef58d","abstract_canon_sha256":"13580807a0c15e2cf60a4f868c7d2b775fe60843be10210a265624283b8fb60d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0de23deda3ac758e0d1a6e5ff8cd7f0cc6eacd8bf48a2f15c494bf4ac4ab651b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.16582","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.16582","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.16582v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.16582","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BXRD33NDVR2Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BXRD33ND","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.16582","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-22T12:17:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"b1f0f83cab3927004b281ad59244deaa5aa13c9d516a58f653babe823f0ef58d","abstract_canon_sha256":"13580807a0c15e2cf60a4f868c7d2b775fe60843be10210a265624283b8fb60d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0de23deda3ac758e0d1a6e5ff8cd7f0cc6eacd8bf48a2f15c494bf4ac4ab651b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15.417331Z","signature_b64":"VZGIEg0OantDCKGyRFPX4v1nItUNuYpFIiuWsh5OBFwv+2q/U762RcCPi9+2t2JDSu9XpQXpOQwl8g3CGJjOBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0de23deda3ac758e0d1a6e5ff8cd7f0cc6eacd8bf48a2f15c494bf4ac4ab651b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15.416765Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15.416765Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.16582","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JnYH3fgDzP0fsv5bJqupLs8qNQLUckqyXyBI7inEQBE7plmhMl38sf6IKbUePcbB++Bfe1MxWR/2CRZc+4sOBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:37:00.459275Z"},"content_sha256":"a35f216268deb06e082ac0cea05b1c7af74a6abe67dd15404f738fc4e1caac88","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a35f216268deb06e082ac0cea05b1c7af74a6abe67dd15404f738fc4e1caac88"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"O$^2$-Searcher: A Searching-based Agent Model for Open-Domain Open-Ended Question Answering","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Botian Shi, Chengjun Xie, Daocheng Fu, Jianbiao Mei, Licheng Wen, Pinlong Cai, Rong Wu, Tao Hu, Xing Gao, Xinyu Cai, Xuemeng Yang, Yong Liu, Yu Qiao, Yu Yang","submitted_at":"2025-05-22T12:17:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their advancements, are fundamentally limited by their static parametric knowledge, hindering performance on tasks requiring open-domain up-to-date information. While enabling LLMs to interact with external knowledge environments is a promising solution, current efforts primarily address closed-end problems. Open-ended questions, which characterized by lacking a standard answer or providing non-unique and diverse answers, remain underexplored. To bridge this gap, we present O$^2$-Searcher, a novel search agent leveraging reinforcement learning to effective"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.16582","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.16582/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"36BD+A88a7X4X3YKweSoU/caBbmBjfQkgBsTXVXHHL3fajZimOBN5Cm6MITDLSOhv6JDjWkDf7husRzOspbYBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:37:00.459666Z"},"content_sha256":"d519e0e1d78c1b50636732eccb219800a9bc46a89206a894fde6f3edafe96ae4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d519e0e1d78c1b50636732eccb219800a9bc46a89206a894fde6f3edafe96ae4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T08:37:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2NZP7RTL7BT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13580807a0c15e2cf60a4f868c7d2b775fe60843be10210a265624283b8fb60d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-22T12:17:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"b1f0f83cab3927004b281ad59244deaa5aa13c9d516a58f653babe823f0ef58d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.16582","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.16582","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.16582v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.16582","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BXRD33NDVR2Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BXRD33NDVR2Y4DI2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BXRD33ND","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d519e0e1d78c1b50636732eccb219800a9bc46a89206a894fde6f3edafe96ae4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.16582/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their advancements, are fundamentally limited by their static parametric knowledge, hindering performance on tasks requiring open-domain up-to-date information. While enabling LLMs to interact with external knowledge environments is a promising solution, current efforts primarily address closed-end problems. Open-ended questions, which characterized by lacking a standard answer or providing non-unique and diverse answers, remain underexplored. To bridge this gap, we present O$^2$-Searcher, a novel search agent leveraging reinforcement learning to effective","authors_text":"Botian Shi, Chengjun Xie, Daocheng Fu, Jianbiao Mei, Licheng Wen, Pinlong Cai, Rong Wu, Tao Hu, Xing Gao, Xinyu Cai, Xuemeng Yang, Yong Liu, Yu Qiao, Yu Yang","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-22T12:17:13Z","title":"O$^2$-Searcher: A Searching-based Agent Model for Open-Domain Open-Ended Question Answering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.16582","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a35f216268deb06e082ac0cea05b1c7af74a6abe67dd15404f738fc4e1caac88","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13580807a0c15e2cf60a4f868c7d2b775fe60843be10210a265624283b8fb60d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-22T12:17:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"b1f0f83cab3927004b281ad59244deaa5aa13c9d516a58f653babe823f0ef58d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.16582","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0de23deda3ac758e0d1a6e5ff8cd7f0cc6eacd8bf48a2f15c494bf4ac4ab651b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0de23deda3ac758e0d1a6e5ff8cd7f0cc6eacd8bf48a2f15c494bf4ac4ab651b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15.416765Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15.416765Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VZGIEg0OantDCKGyRFPX4v1nItUNuYpFIiuWsh5OBFwv+2q/U762RcCPi9+2t2JDSu9XpQXpOQwl8g3CGJjOBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:15.417331Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.16582","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a35f216268deb06e082ac0cea05b1c7af74a6abe67dd15404f738fc4e1caac88","sha256:d519e0e1d78c1b50636732eccb219800a9bc46a89206a894fde6f3edafe96ae4"],"state_sha256":"36f8ff01650b786c9d62d5c43bafa3490330f6784ed6da7d9f7717965c8677ae"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7MxBtVguGbr8ylmKi2/7DVS8hAUxLbzvfsgaDIOT0ct4UgSauiVxAg4RbP9hDDwLH3N+qxr2hXmr7Kz9xOWmBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:37:00.461558Z","bundle_sha256":"090475089e1730668cbd175fc63cbde061b15ef30a2f7eb469cbd996fd3268f1"}}