{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT","short_pith_number":"pith:BYRNRGQ7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.03492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-03-11T00:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f2898a6b9ba55296eea2caae7b76fafadd12181da7815bd91ac62fd69d6a6abc","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc853f70b45e2c96fd1dc3c6a332df91e14b9ef9a2134594022b4e7b78a99d2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0e22d89a1f8951e6f4d7c7b01eddb08cc8f6a6915d0aaaf4d7638d8b9fb5d997","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.03492","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.03492","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.03492v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.03492","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BYRNRGQ7RFI6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BYRNRGQ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.03492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-03-11T00:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f2898a6b9ba55296eea2caae7b76fafadd12181da7815bd91ac62fd69d6a6abc","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc853f70b45e2c96fd1dc3c6a332df91e14b9ef9a2134594022b4e7b78a99d2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0e22d89a1f8951e6f4d7c7b01eddb08cc8f6a6915d0aaaf4d7638d8b9fb5d997","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28.696840Z","signature_b64":"UI+c0ZIFjPRbOAlD/QfncBaQCBsW9bKLvE3XpjQtgcb/qLdGsmf5UXMzyQLJCaWE+QPtduuf0PTzhzXK9F7PDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0e22d89a1f8951e6f4d7c7b01eddb08cc8f6a6915d0aaaf4d7638d8b9fb5d997","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28.696018Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28.696018Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.03492","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6xCKbwlrhcp8v0mUKTOWcvE9EYRQx+jHuIwIIf72UNlemfODSn0wcL90r8MdtARJ7Bmn4FGwA4q6WT8yAX9XDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T14:43:57.629056Z"},"content_sha256":"6fd4f17cbf3e87d603ad8e2c4de6acd16b1b80adc26394f377e209bc2e9719e2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6fd4f17cbf3e87d603ad8e2c4de6acd16b1b80adc26394f377e209bc2e9719e2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Element Abundances in a Gas-rich Galaxy at z = 5: Clues to the Early Chemical Enrichment of Galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Bryan DeMarcy, Celine Peroux, Debopam Som, Samuel Quiret, Sean Morrison, Varsha P. Kulkarni","submitted_at":"2016-03-11T00:07:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Element abundances in high-redshift quasar absorbers offer excellent probes of the chemical enrichment of distant galaxies, and can constrain models for population III and early population II stars. Recent observations indicate that the sub-damped Lyman-alpha (sub-DLA) absorbers are more metal-rich than DLA absorbers at redshifts 0$<$$z$$<$3. It has also been suggested that the DLA metallicity drops suddenly at $z$$>$4.7. However, only 3 DLAs at $z$$>$4.5 and none at $z$$>$3.5 have \"dust-free\" metallicity measurements of undepleted elements. We report the first quasar sub-DLA metallicity measu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.03492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FYOpyd8rcfZUQTMkFl9ftbyoX0pBxL+DqNh1EzN71vG929x6354h3NKJBWwzemNCiItut/78dJ5v3ewRfzY8BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T14:43:57.629711Z"},"content_sha256":"b09f9f75ddb934a7aa6bac0b29e3a36611ca8cc137e877ecf2ce8cc23be0298e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b09f9f75ddb934a7aa6bac0b29e3a36611ca8cc137e877ecf2ce8cc23be0298e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T14:43:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GXY6YB5XNQRT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc853f70b45e2c96fd1dc3c6a332df91e14b9ef9a2134594022b4e7b78a99d2f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-03-11T00:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"f2898a6b9ba55296eea2caae7b76fafadd12181da7815bd91ac62fd69d6a6abc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.03492","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.03492","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.03492v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.03492","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BYRNRGQ7RFI6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BYRNRGQ7RFI6N5GX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BYRNRGQ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b09f9f75ddb934a7aa6bac0b29e3a36611ca8cc137e877ecf2ce8cc23be0298e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Element abundances in high-redshift quasar absorbers offer excellent probes of the chemical enrichment of distant galaxies, and can constrain models for population III and early population II stars. Recent observations indicate that the sub-damped Lyman-alpha (sub-DLA) absorbers are more metal-rich than DLA absorbers at redshifts 0$<$$z$$<$3. It has also been suggested that the DLA metallicity drops suddenly at $z$$>$4.7. However, only 3 DLAs at $z$$>$4.5 and none at $z$$>$3.5 have \"dust-free\" metallicity measurements of undepleted elements. We report the first quasar sub-DLA metallicity measu","authors_text":"Bryan DeMarcy, Celine Peroux, Debopam Som, Samuel Quiret, Sean Morrison, Varsha P. Kulkarni","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-03-11T00:07:55Z","title":"Element Abundances in a Gas-rich Galaxy at z = 5: Clues to the Early Chemical Enrichment of Galaxies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.03492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6fd4f17cbf3e87d603ad8e2c4de6acd16b1b80adc26394f377e209bc2e9719e2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc853f70b45e2c96fd1dc3c6a332df91e14b9ef9a2134594022b4e7b78a99d2f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-03-11T00:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"f2898a6b9ba55296eea2caae7b76fafadd12181da7815bd91ac62fd69d6a6abc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.03492","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0e22d89a1f8951e6f4d7c7b01eddb08cc8f6a6915d0aaaf4d7638d8b9fb5d997","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0e22d89a1f8951e6f4d7c7b01eddb08cc8f6a6915d0aaaf4d7638d8b9fb5d997","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28.696018Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28.696018Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UI+c0ZIFjPRbOAlD/QfncBaQCBsW9bKLvE3XpjQtgcb/qLdGsmf5UXMzyQLJCaWE+QPtduuf0PTzhzXK9F7PDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:28.696840Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.03492","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6fd4f17cbf3e87d603ad8e2c4de6acd16b1b80adc26394f377e209bc2e9719e2","sha256:b09f9f75ddb934a7aa6bac0b29e3a36611ca8cc137e877ecf2ce8cc23be0298e"],"state_sha256":"fcbe1a6e6b8d05489e639dd9044ca4274aaa4c45c671f65348744966d0ef9e17"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aI/xyvvMDj8AJ6b58UWJ86w/wsXX6pFqB4gOhhG1yPQM9FRADnGtl/y8Lz9caxu8Kx9vTEnB0MWU4pTe/9mUAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T14:43:57.633113Z","bundle_sha256":"2d68752ff4a5a95cb120b43dc3e3614df654590f895731cf752938ab55237672"}}