{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2004:BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6","short_pith_number":"pith:BYZRXROA","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"0e331bc5c08122684c4d38e00ffbbe07a563d7bd31144231fc11212a1dfcfbe5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0402149","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Anomalous Flux Ratios in Gravitational Lenses: For or Against CDM?","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"J.P. Ostriker, J. Weller, S. Mao, Y.P. Jing","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T14:58:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We review the evidence for substructures from the anomalous flux ratios in gravitational lenses. Using high-resolution numerical simulations, we show that at typical image positions, the fraction of surface mass density in substructures is <~ 0.5% with mass above 10^{-4} virial masses in the ``concordance'' LCDM cosmology. Substructures outside the virial radius (but projected at typical lens image positions) only increase the fraction moderately. Several effects, in particular baryonic settling and the requirement of compactness, may further decrease the predictions by a factor of few. The pr"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402149","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T14:58:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"337ac7951d1afe17742ef8ee1a5e8624ea509038705a87601b941a82fdc10c61","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f5aba0df86915546f76d023ebffec0363a30461374e33cf6369b8631fb374ba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.082050Z","signature_b64":"Q5ycOi9E91sJsoHglD0zsh/QKmNbB3B/7gRanmoTMM9dlLjsAJH5cTOYtTE0X2K0YaBWHtjb4hqgU/zV1GNrDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0e331bc5c08122684c4d38e00ffbbe07a563d7bd31144231fc11212a1dfcfbe5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081688Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081688Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Anomalous Flux Ratios in Gravitational Lenses: For or Against CDM?","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"J.P. Ostriker, J. Weller, S. Mao, Y.P. Jing","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T14:58:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We review the evidence for substructures from the anomalous flux ratios in gravitational lenses. Using high-resolution numerical simulations, we show that at typical image positions, the fraction of surface mass density in substructures is <~ 0.5% with mass above 10^{-4} virial masses in the ``concordance'' LCDM cosmology. Substructures outside the virial radius (but projected at typical lens image positions) only increase the fraction moderately. Several effects, in particular baryonic settling and the requirement of compactness, may further decrease the predictions by a factor of few. The pr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402149","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0402149/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0402149","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0402149v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0402149","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BYZRXROAQERG","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BYZRXROAQERGQTCN","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BYZRXROA","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":2,"internal_anchor_count":2,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2607.07709","citing_title":"The Subversive Role of Excessive External Shear in Concealing Lensing Anomalies","ref_index":16,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.19217","citing_title":"Taking Inventory of the Most Promising Lensed Radio Sources for Constraining Fundamental Properties of Dark Matter","ref_index":241,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6","json":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BYZRXROA"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/BYZRXROA","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=astro-ph/0402149&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/BYZRXROAQERGQTCNHDQA7656A6/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:59.081739+00:00"}