{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW","short_pith_number":"pith:BZDCF7CO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.03003","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T21:03:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"39b1d1dc6e87aea7884140d86aca30dc757dc5f7d280a5721441342b2af6741b","abstract_canon_sha256":"dfad8320e7b3fc6477614cb65294150e8a8d17198a9c19899baf15b3752d8b94"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0e4622fc4e95f8087149e17f49a0bf55b0e82210583d0cdc5ad8df241ce6dbda","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.03003","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.03003","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.03003v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.03003","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BZDCF7COSX4A","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BZDCF7CO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.03003","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T21:03:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"39b1d1dc6e87aea7884140d86aca30dc757dc5f7d280a5721441342b2af6741b","abstract_canon_sha256":"dfad8320e7b3fc6477614cb65294150e8a8d17198a9c19899baf15b3752d8b94"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0e4622fc4e95f8087149e17f49a0bf55b0e82210583d0cdc5ad8df241ce6dbda","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36.817093Z","signature_b64":"HG1q7vAEkeUie2ZitmcC3yyG4hWySKSUFs19/mqhIhtsuwmaer/dqn26f4Mylvc4BdENAXtv1CR/ti0/nfGqAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0e4622fc4e95f8087149e17f49a0bf55b0e82210583d0cdc5ad8df241ce6dbda","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36.816615Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36.816615Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.03003","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r8wemkG8bbcEx5D+YVwGnlQawudCsqUjXta8OSk1OC3ofo5g5KBrUYWHI3Zsa0mW0qbv/eIrQJm2yn07GIJfAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T04:27:29.623403Z"},"content_sha256":"6aedff2410a2ef0ef01c0a0ce966c227f8d98c682247db82260e17e2d7fd145f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6aedff2410a2ef0ef01c0a0ce966c227f8d98c682247db82260e17e2d7fd145f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Scaling IP Lookup to Large Databases using the CRAM Lens","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Andy Fingerhut, George Varghese, Pradeep Dogga, Robert Chang, Victor Rios","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T21:03:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Wide-area scaling trends require new approaches to Internet Protocol (IP) lookup, enabled by modern networking chips such as Intel Tofino, AMD Pensando, and Nvidia BlueField, which provide substantial ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) and static random-access memory (SRAM). However, designing and evaluating scalable algorithms for these chips is challenging due to hardware-level constraints. To address this, we introduce the CRAM (CAM+RAM) lens, a framework that combines a formal model for evaluating algorithms on modern network processors with a set of optimization idioms. We demonstr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.03003","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.03003/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CewMImI9OG1xywIdeD0yF9l8zmHTEuUeTHpH1TZR8JJ7Ayc/mXTxCwTdZiGaWFdVojKtBerw+VPiQVEC117+BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T04:27:29.623896Z"},"content_sha256":"eeb17029474f1db601ff38de7d5805f721d0829ec63b2d35caf76db1526b4fa6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eeb17029474f1db601ff38de7d5805f721d0829ec63b2d35caf76db1526b4fa6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T04:27:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ4F7UTIF7KW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dfad8320e7b3fc6477614cb65294150e8a8d17198a9c19899baf15b3752d8b94","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T21:03:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"39b1d1dc6e87aea7884140d86aca30dc757dc5f7d280a5721441342b2af6741b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.03003","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.03003","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.03003v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.03003","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BZDCF7COSX4A","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BZDCF7COSX4AQ4KJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BZDCF7CO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eeb17029474f1db601ff38de7d5805f721d0829ec63b2d35caf76db1526b4fa6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.03003/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Wide-area scaling trends require new approaches to Internet Protocol (IP) lookup, enabled by modern networking chips such as Intel Tofino, AMD Pensando, and Nvidia BlueField, which provide substantial ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) and static random-access memory (SRAM). However, designing and evaluating scalable algorithms for these chips is challenging due to hardware-level constraints. To address this, we introduce the CRAM (CAM+RAM) lens, a framework that combines a formal model for evaluating algorithms on modern network processors with a set of optimization idioms. We demonstr","authors_text":"Andy Fingerhut, George Varghese, Pradeep Dogga, Robert Chang, Victor Rios","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T21:03:19Z","title":"Scaling IP Lookup to Large Databases using the CRAM Lens"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.03003","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6aedff2410a2ef0ef01c0a0ce966c227f8d98c682247db82260e17e2d7fd145f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dfad8320e7b3fc6477614cb65294150e8a8d17198a9c19899baf15b3752d8b94","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T21:03:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"39b1d1dc6e87aea7884140d86aca30dc757dc5f7d280a5721441342b2af6741b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.03003","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0e4622fc4e95f8087149e17f49a0bf55b0e82210583d0cdc5ad8df241ce6dbda","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0e4622fc4e95f8087149e17f49a0bf55b0e82210583d0cdc5ad8df241ce6dbda","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36.816615Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36.816615Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HG1q7vAEkeUie2ZitmcC3yyG4hWySKSUFs19/mqhIhtsuwmaer/dqn26f4Mylvc4BdENAXtv1CR/ti0/nfGqAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:24:36.817093Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.03003","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6aedff2410a2ef0ef01c0a0ce966c227f8d98c682247db82260e17e2d7fd145f","sha256:eeb17029474f1db601ff38de7d5805f721d0829ec63b2d35caf76db1526b4fa6"],"state_sha256":"a10763af5dace174ba5d9ae3949d48cd77090117bf4580ece724b119aa06345e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rTny5Fgp4FgazZVLsPK+OOc7x6+dY+fj7BMe8J9RZWa5fnZIjvmfQ/+qkONYvo1kXaJK/9xEH2jMbHf0zIbACg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T04:27:29.627663Z","bundle_sha256":"86a0dfcf4df98dac31eb74bac91f2790e5b423499832526c18e83db50bc2b891"}}