{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR","short_pith_number":"pith:C2PGD2ZT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.02641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"c2408b0830fa2d897978f66e549123c58d88871031a50d8e080dce140d26627f","abstract_canon_sha256":"09e718f2da219d128e25b3e842bb9334913d1546901d94e2f86ea454daca1e09"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"169e61eb332765eed1df79b66260f83c4d40003447a86a5abd5b0f892f44b1b7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2608.02641","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.02641","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.02641v1","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.02641","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C2PGD2ZTE5S6","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C2PGD2ZT","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.02641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"c2408b0830fa2d897978f66e549123c58d88871031a50d8e080dce140d26627f","abstract_canon_sha256":"09e718f2da219d128e25b3e842bb9334913d1546901d94e2f86ea454daca1e09"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"169e61eb332765eed1df79b66260f83c4d40003447a86a5abd5b0f892f44b1b7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06.163343Z","signature_b64":"aEqmJ8aykYHnUH/wIliHh1LY6l6+zHRABAmXfeH1MrCohB2FENSih+/tKkXUaqwzPS6cpGLyw+YZsYMdSX9vCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"169e61eb332765eed1df79b66260f83c4d40003447a86a5abd5b0f892f44b1b7","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06.160612Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06.160612Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2608.02641","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wAXxfTwgpEFIuafBIqEP2mA6xL2fe3PKYDSkh4yE5Iekus2ctNHcQbBNQ50rwORwpspBsonmwtPP9pw/X1uIDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T02:46:24.861793Z"},"content_sha256":"5baf8e76c8b92975b2673106bc7e1014765f49edcad8c2f5bc84554cd3578de8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5baf8e76c8b92975b2673106bc7e1014765f49edcad8c2f5bc84554cd3578de8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"IR2Solve: Structured Intermediate Representations for Cost-Efficient Optimization Autoformulation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Jungang Xu, Linhai Zhang, Penglin Zhu, Xinchi Wei, Xiuqi Wu","submitted_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) can translate natural-language optimization problems into solver-ready formulations, but direct code generation is brittle: schema, indexing, and semantic errors can cause compilation failures, infeasible models, or incorrect objectives, while iterative repair, search, and multi-agent workflows increase inference cost. We present IR2Solve, an intermediate-representation-first autoformulation pipeline that uses a single semantic LLM call to produce a schema-constrained ModelIR, followed by two deterministic stages: verification and IR-to-solver compilation. ModelIR "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.02641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2608.02641/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oqgCj40mFpXbUEQCTG2RIIsS54S9a5O5PuDwT3vyg3uhEVwLlLUPvyHVIFzDs0pPZnREaHMf0aR35FPB1WUYAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T02:46:24.862283Z"},"content_sha256":"98bdedcaf45492aec49cb1aabbf007d7fdb6af45954d641fd037ecdedd20ee99","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98bdedcaf45492aec49cb1aabbf007d7fdb6af45954d641fd037ecdedd20ee99"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T02:46:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7PG3GEYHYHR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"09e718f2da219d128e25b3e842bb9334913d1546901d94e2f86ea454daca1e09","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"c2408b0830fa2d897978f66e549123c58d88871031a50d8e080dce140d26627f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.02641","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.02641","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.02641v1","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.02641","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C2PGD2ZTE5S6","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C2PGD2ZTE5S65UO7","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C2PGD2ZT","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:98bdedcaf45492aec49cb1aabbf007d7fdb6af45954d641fd037ecdedd20ee99","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2608.02641/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) can translate natural-language optimization problems into solver-ready formulations, but direct code generation is brittle: schema, indexing, and semantic errors can cause compilation failures, infeasible models, or incorrect objectives, while iterative repair, search, and multi-agent workflows increase inference cost. We present IR2Solve, an intermediate-representation-first autoformulation pipeline that uses a single semantic LLM call to produce a schema-constrained ModelIR, followed by two deterministic stages: verification and IR-to-solver compilation. ModelIR ","authors_text":"Jungang Xu, Linhai Zhang, Penglin Zhu, Xinchi Wei, Xiuqi Wu","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:26Z","title":"IR2Solve: Structured Intermediate Representations for Cost-Efficient Optimization Autoformulation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.02641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5baf8e76c8b92975b2673106bc7e1014765f49edcad8c2f5bc84554cd3578de8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"09e718f2da219d128e25b3e842bb9334913d1546901d94e2f86ea454daca1e09","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"c2408b0830fa2d897978f66e549123c58d88871031a50d8e080dce140d26627f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.02641","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"169e61eb332765eed1df79b66260f83c4d40003447a86a5abd5b0f892f44b1b7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"169e61eb332765eed1df79b66260f83c4d40003447a86a5abd5b0f892f44b1b7","first_computed_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06.160612Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06.160612Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aEqmJ8aykYHnUH/wIliHh1LY6l6+zHRABAmXfeH1MrCohB2FENSih+/tKkXUaqwzPS6cpGLyw+YZsYMdSX9vCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-08-05T00:38:06.163343Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2608.02641","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5baf8e76c8b92975b2673106bc7e1014765f49edcad8c2f5bc84554cd3578de8","sha256:98bdedcaf45492aec49cb1aabbf007d7fdb6af45954d641fd037ecdedd20ee99"],"state_sha256":"f3e53eba4bf66052ea2349e4b638edd407cfad922c014a3aefe5e6fcf514c8c4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6tuFmeRInjPAknaJrQi2YDa+tJhNyzoL26fX8mFPs3U37Dn1aj1Lyz5s+vkmcD0nlqVzdqm0+F2aQ5R0d/w5DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T02:46:24.866637Z","bundle_sha256":"0dd1d842ff5af099057bc234cff9db2a97d2ebb9d79b25f36d9b6a7fa4fb8daf"}}