{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6","short_pith_number":"pith:C3VQKJXI","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"16eb0526e85c3a11b49dbe005af9d517b6922759bb6e55dd79f806b8f03f094c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2607.14479","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Eleanor M. Marshall, Faith Rovenolt, Jacob Kaffey, Jasper G\\\"otting, Mac Walker, Nelly Mak, Pedro Medeiros, Peter Peneder, Seth Donoughe","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"As large language models become increasingly capable, concerns about their potential to assist with biological misuse continue to grow. Prioritization of safety differs across the model ecosystem, with some models freely providing high-risk information that could be misused, and others refusing benign scientific content, potentially hindering legitimate research. Both failures stem from a lack of targeted mitigation to distinguish the most dangerous information from broader scientific content. To address this, we introduce BioTIER (Biological Targeted Information for Exclusion and Refusal), a "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.14479","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5dac766f04f2511bd25657883d44d223b0cf4abada57ad9f0e3c56733e20cf15","abstract_canon_sha256":"e52e0f9951c3ef8d7412f560a00cdcea265e68361d290b71bd5f79a861a915a7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532927Z","signature_b64":"6kCkWMt5FREAwE9j5hXyguyx1mz6IRMraohXAwOuItDZFOiAtE+yjuFH+djtiKnA+nkNsTYwHpSiIeMDXfqSBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"16eb0526e85c3a11b49dbe005af9d517b6922759bb6e55dd79f806b8f03f094c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532078Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532078Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Eleanor M. Marshall, Faith Rovenolt, Jacob Kaffey, Jasper G\\\"otting, Mac Walker, Nelly Mak, Pedro Medeiros, Peter Peneder, Seth Donoughe","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"As large language models become increasingly capable, concerns about their potential to assist with biological misuse continue to grow. Prioritization of safety differs across the model ecosystem, with some models freely providing high-risk information that could be misused, and others refusing benign scientific content, potentially hindering legitimate research. Both failures stem from a lack of targeted mitigation to distinguish the most dangerous information from broader scientific content. To address this, we introduce BioTIER (Biological Targeted Information for Exclusion and Refusal), a "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.14479","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.14479/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.14479","created_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.14479v1","created_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.14479","created_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C3VQKJXILQ5B","created_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5","created_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C3VQKJXI","created_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6","json":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/C3VQKJXI"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/C3VQKJXI","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2607.14479&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/C3VQKJXILQ5BDNE5XYAFV6OVC6/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-17T00:21:14.532511+00:00"}