{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6","short_pith_number":"pith:C5KAVTGI","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"17540accc8ef875efc66da8663f8de87aeabedf6825717bad33317ce5d7bca88","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.05513","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The geometric phase of stock trading","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.CP"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.TR","authors_text":"Claudio Altafini","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T14:46:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Geometric phases describe how in a continuous-time dynamical system the displacement of a variable (called phase variable) can be related to other variables (shape variables) undergoing a cyclic motion, according to an area rule. The aim of this paper is to show that geometric phases can exist also for discrete-time systems, and even when the cycles in shape space have zero area. A context in which this principle can be applied is stock trading. A zero-area cycle in shape space represents the type of trading operations normally carried out by high-frequency traders (entering and exiting a posi"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.05513","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.TR","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T14:46:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.CP"],"title_canon_sha256":"ab4277c94b37da4bab6c8e31cdd0c6ccf42cc00f7bad353502720375b18668ac","abstract_canon_sha256":"debb6885cb81111b5c25e611b66412bcba999f0664740e88d2bdb18cd4028211"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.530061Z","signature_b64":"8DTEENdHm46CWSVzY6FteHYDvN8izQ0f9vfvIrgwI5dJj2DcEP9V6H6rjsEkfHoDXt9gDLCCcdcDdvwJP11zCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"17540accc8ef875efc66da8663f8de87aeabedf6825717bad33317ce5d7bca88","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.529604Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.529604Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The geometric phase of stock trading","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.CP"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.TR","authors_text":"Claudio Altafini","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T14:46:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Geometric phases describe how in a continuous-time dynamical system the displacement of a variable (called phase variable) can be related to other variables (shape variables) undergoing a cyclic motion, according to an area rule. The aim of this paper is to show that geometric phases can exist also for discrete-time systems, and even when the cycles in shape space have zero area. A context in which this principle can be applied is stock trading. A zero-area cycle in shape space represents the type of trading operations normally carried out by high-frequency traders (entering and exiting a posi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.05513","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.05513","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.529668+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.05513v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.529668+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.05513","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.529668+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C5KAVTGI56DV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09.641336+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C5KAVTGI56DV57DG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09.641336+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C5KAVTGI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09.641336+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6","json":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/C5KAVTGI"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/C5KAVTGI","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1603.05513&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/C5KAVTGI56DV57DG3KDGH6G6Q6/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.529668+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:46.529668+00:00"}