{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2014:C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ","short_pith_number":"pith:C63T2IZJ","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"17b73d232942bb6c8b87f73831ad226e4208f06bd96916b3bc22e155782426f8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1411.6009","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Adam G. Riess (JHU/STScI), Adi Zitrin (Caltech), Adriano Fontana (INAF-OAR), Alan Dressler (Carnegie Obs.), Alessandro Sonnenfeld (UCLA), Alexei V. Filippenko (UCB), Anja von der Linden (DARK/Stanford), Benjamin J. Weiner (Arizona), Bradley E. Tucker (UCB/ANU), Brandon Patel (Rutgers), Curtis McCully (LCOGT/UC Santa Barbara), Daniel Scolnic (Chicago), Gabriel Brammer (STScI), Jens Hjorth (DARK), Julian Merten (Caltech), Kasper B. Schmidt (UCSB), Louis-Gregory Strolger (STScI), Marc Postman (STScI), Marusa Bradac (UCD), Matthew A. Malkan (UCLA), Melissa L. Graham (UCB), Michele Trenti (Melbourne), Or Graur (NYU/AMNH), Patrick L. Kelly (UCB), Raphael Gavazzi (IAP), Ryan J. Foley (Illinois), Saurabh W. Jha (Rutgers), S. Bradley Cenko (GSFC/UMD), Steven A. Rodney (JHU), Tommaso Treu (UCLA), Tucker Jones (UCLA)","submitted_at":"2014-11-21T20:57:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z=0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z=1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field i"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1411.6009","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-11-21T20:57:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"6f8bd03ee44333bd1bad7b93a596715d1b7ae6e9eb01b1682d293101fa354eed","abstract_canon_sha256":"36ab055324b25eb05b3312315dbeabd30a521edfeeca4f2712dc01f5e4d78225"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399905Z","signature_b64":"xsju/KU+yPr9YNhjkdKGi+VFBgHRDw1u+AZXUHXPFAu2ZPAdFyNszMISJL0m0j+jnAvpTW92S80l0e4dzI8TCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"17b73d232942bb6c8b87f73831ad226e4208f06bd96916b3bc22e155782426f8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399351Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399351Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Adam G. Riess (JHU/STScI), Adi Zitrin (Caltech), Adriano Fontana (INAF-OAR), Alan Dressler (Carnegie Obs.), Alessandro Sonnenfeld (UCLA), Alexei V. Filippenko (UCB), Anja von der Linden (DARK/Stanford), Benjamin J. Weiner (Arizona), Bradley E. Tucker (UCB/ANU), Brandon Patel (Rutgers), Curtis McCully (LCOGT/UC Santa Barbara), Daniel Scolnic (Chicago), Gabriel Brammer (STScI), Jens Hjorth (DARK), Julian Merten (Caltech), Kasper B. Schmidt (UCSB), Louis-Gregory Strolger (STScI), Marc Postman (STScI), Marusa Bradac (UCD), Matthew A. Malkan (UCLA), Melissa L. Graham (UCB), Michele Trenti (Melbourne), Or Graur (NYU/AMNH), Patrick L. Kelly (UCB), Raphael Gavazzi (IAP), Ryan J. Foley (Illinois), Saurabh W. Jha (Rutgers), S. Bradley Cenko (GSFC/UMD), Steven A. Rodney (JHU), Tommaso Treu (UCLA), Tucker Jones (UCLA)","submitted_at":"2014-11-21T20:57:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z=0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z=1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1411.6009","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1411.6009","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399454+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1411.6009v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399454+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1411.6009","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399454+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C63T2IZJIK5W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22.404517+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22.404517+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C63T2IZJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22.404517+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":2,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2203.06142","citing_title":"Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies","ref_index":6,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.27511","citing_title":"Finding Strongly Lensed Supernovae from Blended Light Curves","ref_index":16,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/C63T2IZJ"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/C63T2IZJ","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1411.6009&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/C63T2IZJIK5WZC4H644DDLJCNZ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399454+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:28.399454+00:00"}