{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6","short_pith_number":"pith:C7Y6GNIZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.06080","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-02-16T10:27:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2cb7d8ff3f3ad514af4bc4851183aa856645da8390f6f2f4f4e1457703eb504c","abstract_canon_sha256":"5cf2e98bb2d9924d1cd956ed84a58df86fa71e41101bd0671413fd832cc24d40"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"17f1e335191addf770fdeb0b79c68e2fa033905dd7748238b7830ff8c15c5612","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1902.06080","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.06080","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.06080v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.06080","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C7Y6GNIZDLO7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C7Y6GNIZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.06080","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-02-16T10:27:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2cb7d8ff3f3ad514af4bc4851183aa856645da8390f6f2f4f4e1457703eb504c","abstract_canon_sha256":"5cf2e98bb2d9924d1cd956ed84a58df86fa71e41101bd0671413fd832cc24d40"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"17f1e335191addf770fdeb0b79c68e2fa033905dd7748238b7830ff8c15c5612","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52.018176Z","signature_b64":"eu1IwSuIZAZ0kJl5rsTxYFgZhfvTJcVs6RgHnfncNQl37+v3Wm7OmOhpm2p2xGuSiYlqJTaHlnhcWMcdHfPSBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"17f1e335191addf770fdeb0b79c68e2fa033905dd7748238b7830ff8c15c5612","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52.017458Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52.017458Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1902.06080","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E1s2knb7hT7F7YXhDz4N9rUTfRLPRq9MyWQ+x40O/IHd2xuDMYip0ZQzqtidufJ3VmFoQs9Ux4q/0eJ/5krODQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-24T02:24:44.581262Z"},"content_sha256":"d3e93b4a77aa7d006087646be41620ab34d29015d8e81b984689a1036a062a2d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d3e93b4a77aa7d006087646be41620ab34d29015d8e81b984689a1036a062a2d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Generalizing trial findings using nested trial designs with sub-sampling of non-randomized individuals","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Ashley Buchanan, Issa J. Dahabreh, Jon A. Steingrimsson, Miguel A. Hernan, Sarah E. Robertson","submitted_at":"2019-02-16T10:27:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"To generalize inferences from a randomized trial to the target population of all trial-eligible individuals, investigators can use nested trial designs, where the randomized individuals are nested within a cohort of trial-eligible individuals, including those who are not offered or refuse randomization. In these designs, data on baseline covariates are collected from the entire cohort, and treatment and outcome data need only be collected from randomized individuals. In this paper, we describe nested trial designs that improve research economy by collecting additional baseline covariate data a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.06080","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T7w93B1N2BlaxFDIeR7WUXEhh6E5YTANEGBGku2p22ITQCsz1+EmVcuKWV7+riHkhUwUjNvHjAm18lX48P4HCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-24T02:24:44.581715Z"},"content_sha256":"8426827142a9afb59d39d1f563e29c68b5817dbc0e06f132af9063733846b4be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8426827142a9afb59d39d1f563e29c68b5817dbc0e06f132af9063733846b4be"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-24T02:24:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H55MFXTRUOF6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5cf2e98bb2d9924d1cd956ed84a58df86fa71e41101bd0671413fd832cc24d40","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-02-16T10:27:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"2cb7d8ff3f3ad514af4bc4851183aa856645da8390f6f2f4f4e1457703eb504c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.06080","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.06080","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.06080v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.06080","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C7Y6GNIZDLO7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C7Y6GNIZDLO7O4H5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C7Y6GNIZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8426827142a9afb59d39d1f563e29c68b5817dbc0e06f132af9063733846b4be","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"To generalize inferences from a randomized trial to the target population of all trial-eligible individuals, investigators can use nested trial designs, where the randomized individuals are nested within a cohort of trial-eligible individuals, including those who are not offered or refuse randomization. In these designs, data on baseline covariates are collected from the entire cohort, and treatment and outcome data need only be collected from randomized individuals. In this paper, we describe nested trial designs that improve research economy by collecting additional baseline covariate data a","authors_text":"Ashley Buchanan, Issa J. Dahabreh, Jon A. Steingrimsson, Miguel A. Hernan, Sarah E. Robertson","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-02-16T10:27:45Z","title":"Generalizing trial findings using nested trial designs with sub-sampling of non-randomized individuals"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.06080","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d3e93b4a77aa7d006087646be41620ab34d29015d8e81b984689a1036a062a2d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5cf2e98bb2d9924d1cd956ed84a58df86fa71e41101bd0671413fd832cc24d40","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-02-16T10:27:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"2cb7d8ff3f3ad514af4bc4851183aa856645da8390f6f2f4f4e1457703eb504c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.06080","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"17f1e335191addf770fdeb0b79c68e2fa033905dd7748238b7830ff8c15c5612","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"17f1e335191addf770fdeb0b79c68e2fa033905dd7748238b7830ff8c15c5612","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52.017458Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52.017458Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eu1IwSuIZAZ0kJl5rsTxYFgZhfvTJcVs6RgHnfncNQl37+v3Wm7OmOhpm2p2xGuSiYlqJTaHlnhcWMcdHfPSBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:52.018176Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1902.06080","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d3e93b4a77aa7d006087646be41620ab34d29015d8e81b984689a1036a062a2d","sha256:8426827142a9afb59d39d1f563e29c68b5817dbc0e06f132af9063733846b4be"],"state_sha256":"3fe79a65122c9abbc540870b87074996363773505110b7599073a053d7489033"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jl+7MqbVSMUXm/d+xM5htvRixzROWNikxCpU9NvqxzQCqCo17CrMAzwwvH04fQYjaP5MGR7X8BhR5vYsTFVtAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-24T02:24:44.585397Z","bundle_sha256":"eb7c6b50d153d859f538e47df534d8eebcec47894f0a6859b9ba17ea4e6a5df2"}}