{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP","short_pith_number":"pith:C7YBFUM7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.09589","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T18:46:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"85a47e3196dcef4766f0f7b7448d556a9740b18351de160bad3a8b8cc004b320","abstract_canon_sha256":"963b10636be4cc785b484eb6017046803c6dc277fc458e9b146a9a5f4ef227ae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"17f012d19fcde67750fddd762203b613fd6cb00b625df91260d0d9efa8ea8d44","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.09589","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.09589","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.09589v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.09589","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C7YBFUM7ZXTH","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C7YBFUM7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.09589","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T18:46:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"85a47e3196dcef4766f0f7b7448d556a9740b18351de160bad3a8b8cc004b320","abstract_canon_sha256":"963b10636be4cc785b484eb6017046803c6dc277fc458e9b146a9a5f4ef227ae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"17f012d19fcde67750fddd762203b613fd6cb00b625df91260d0d9efa8ea8d44","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26.676182Z","signature_b64":"wC6VUsx4bUrM++q30PNr+OKH3mVFZdRsnrRfOcX9sQX3Bwys2qpebBE+Up4mWipUiHF9qGHB1FZ+EJTbYXOaAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"17f012d19fcde67750fddd762203b613fd6cb00b625df91260d0d9efa8ea8d44","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26.675690Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26.675690Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.09589","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tS0tijeUT5osnEuNBunYz6q9LCANAUZ2o8POhD1tOgxINwt8MDWvRRGnMxy49g3DbKE0MzYNXYHfrDck9JxsCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T09:39:06.329912Z"},"content_sha256":"f0d005aa9267e0bb0a44777f991d294d95f0d1d145fbc3545d1da578ea017a6c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f0d005aa9267e0bb0a44777f991d294d95f0d1d145fbc3545d1da578ea017a6c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Logical forms complement probability in understanding language model (and human) performance","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LO"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Freda Shi, Yixuan Wang","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T18:46:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the increasing interest in using large language models (LLMs) for planning in natural language, understanding their behaviors becomes an important research question. This work conducts a systematic investigation of LLMs' ability to perform logical reasoning in natural language. We introduce a controlled dataset of hypothetical and disjunctive syllogisms in propositional and modal logic and use it as the testbed for understanding LLM performance. Our results lead to novel insights in predicting LLM behaviors: in addition to the probability of input (Gonen et al., 2023; McCoy et al., 2024),"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.09589","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.09589/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mDrbXp6khxzF55JYlc+dHh4uHJtEncQyCYN99entu//4rkxkPkwXYfCwCzPRL1bKZA2pLK2p1EKA3BzU473NBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T09:39:06.330474Z"},"content_sha256":"3ec833a93d726f6bffde9f47e40638620dd104f55e0a4bad133a4dc40357ae7a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3ec833a93d726f6bffde9f47e40638620dd104f55e0a4bad133a4dc40357ae7a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T09:39:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH53V3CEA5WCP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"963b10636be4cc785b484eb6017046803c6dc277fc458e9b146a9a5f4ef227ae","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T18:46:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"85a47e3196dcef4766f0f7b7448d556a9740b18351de160bad3a8b8cc004b320"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.09589","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.09589","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.09589v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.09589","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"C7YBFUM7ZXTH","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"C7YBFUM7ZXTHOUH5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"C7YBFUM7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3ec833a93d726f6bffde9f47e40638620dd104f55e0a4bad133a4dc40357ae7a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.09589/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the increasing interest in using large language models (LLMs) for planning in natural language, understanding their behaviors becomes an important research question. This work conducts a systematic investigation of LLMs' ability to perform logical reasoning in natural language. We introduce a controlled dataset of hypothetical and disjunctive syllogisms in propositional and modal logic and use it as the testbed for understanding LLM performance. Our results lead to novel insights in predicting LLM behaviors: in addition to the probability of input (Gonen et al., 2023; McCoy et al., 2024),","authors_text":"Freda Shi, Yixuan Wang","cross_cats":["cs.LO"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T18:46:44Z","title":"Logical forms complement probability in understanding language model (and human) performance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.09589","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f0d005aa9267e0bb0a44777f991d294d95f0d1d145fbc3545d1da578ea017a6c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"963b10636be4cc785b484eb6017046803c6dc277fc458e9b146a9a5f4ef227ae","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T18:46:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"85a47e3196dcef4766f0f7b7448d556a9740b18351de160bad3a8b8cc004b320"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.09589","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"17f012d19fcde67750fddd762203b613fd6cb00b625df91260d0d9efa8ea8d44","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"17f012d19fcde67750fddd762203b613fd6cb00b625df91260d0d9efa8ea8d44","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26.675690Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26.675690Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wC6VUsx4bUrM++q30PNr+OKH3mVFZdRsnrRfOcX9sQX3Bwys2qpebBE+Up4mWipUiHF9qGHB1FZ+EJTbYXOaAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:26.676182Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.09589","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f0d005aa9267e0bb0a44777f991d294d95f0d1d145fbc3545d1da578ea017a6c","sha256:3ec833a93d726f6bffde9f47e40638620dd104f55e0a4bad133a4dc40357ae7a"],"state_sha256":"89103a60552550c5814f8d540f95bcb25ebecbd246b0d5268a29652533e948bd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EoxFr/est4/cW+AuJY0w517Z167TzAgj246ZRCTwEoQ3ASUYQ7L1a5aEwDUiSJHIVDaYUMNL9meqlZYRuieSBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T09:39:06.334582Z","bundle_sha256":"f3615fed241b2e60b26f12b79b2c6892556988c28760377b5511aedd79031526"}}