{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX","short_pith_number":"pith:CBL5RDXP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.15958","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T13:52:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"d5d65340d0feafc57fd51d0f6b8cd98a34cf042402313b6ae07cfe753413536a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5c3e5845784d122d1aee1611e91e0b518f25a8ae146ab0ce8cdcbdf9ac78a923"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1057d88eef4c426e672d3b0fcac9d3bdc524784ec50b98a166b6f7b29dd1cdb9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.15958","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.15958","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.15958v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.15958","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CBL5RDXPJRBG","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZN","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CBL5RDXP","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.15958","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T13:52:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"d5d65340d0feafc57fd51d0f6b8cd98a34cf042402313b6ae07cfe753413536a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5c3e5845784d122d1aee1611e91e0b518f25a8ae146ab0ce8cdcbdf9ac78a923"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1057d88eef4c426e672d3b0fcac9d3bdc524784ec50b98a166b6f7b29dd1cdb9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46.653733Z","signature_b64":"O3M6biAoeHKBb+ly09XD/+GyM1zh+7DdDNim9lmTMd8BDMaZvzLmfAy0JBdM9gtFEF+VenRJQfmynewefiaWAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1057d88eef4c426e672d3b0fcac9d3bdc524784ec50b98a166b6f7b29dd1cdb9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46.652966Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46.652966Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.15958","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r3sHax2yr/cAbHV4GZq+gY7B15fQzQu2MoqzYvfxZAsJqhziw31IXLt8iRr0Gt7vNqpk58bwLJXpfN3HKTc7Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T18:01:30.714192Z"},"content_sha256":"a05fd06034f63521d672b264f9021ea98f290fd797eef41534d958b4906a1d07","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a05fd06034f63521d672b264f9021ea98f290fd797eef41534d958b4906a1d07"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bridging the climate to energy data gap: simulated annealing for representative climate year selection","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Simulated annealing selects better climate year subsets for energy models","cross_cats":["cs.CY","physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Bram van Duinen, Jean Thorey, Karin van der Wiel, Laurens Stoop","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T13:52:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"Energy system models are increasingly dependent on representative climate input. Yet, a fundamental mismatch persists between the hundreds of simulated years often used in climate science and the handful of years that computationally demanding power system models can process. Current practice, including ENTSO-E's European Resource Adequacy Assessment, relies on climate year selections that have not been validated against explicit representativeness criteria. This risks biased investment decisions and blind spots for plausible weather conditions. This study proposes simulated annealing as an op"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Simulated annealing consistently produces the most representative subsets and outperforms all compared methods. Simulated annealing achieves an effective sample size four to five times the actual subset size. The resulting subsets are roughly 2.5--3.5 times more representative than current ENTSO-E practice.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance on marginal distributions, inter-variable correlations, and seasonal structure serves as a sufficient and unbiased proxy for representativeness in downstream energy system impact studies (abstract, paragraph on quantification of representativeness).","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Simulated annealing with seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance selects climate year subsets that are 2.5-3.5 times more representative than ENTSO-E practice and achieve 4-5 times effective sample size.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Simulated annealing selects better climate year subsets for energy models","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"e127a2b2a2f52670d42c6598aa2395d96103a7623bf2b60b2ecb8b3b2ed7c4ce"},"source":{"id":"2605.15958","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"ad44bae7-a63f-4af6-8a13-277fadacb24c","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T18:12:16.861732Z","strongest_claim":"Simulated annealing consistently produces the most representative subsets and outperforms all compared methods. Simulated annealing achieves an effective sample size four to five times the actual subset size. The resulting subsets are roughly 2.5--3.5 times more representative than current ENTSO-E practice.","one_line_summary":"Simulated annealing with seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance selects climate year subsets that are 2.5-3.5 times more representative than ENTSO-E practice and achieve 4-5 times effective sample size.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance on marginal distributions, inter-variable correlations, and seasonal structure serves as a sufficient and unbiased proxy for representativeness in downstream energy system impact studies (abstract, paragraph on quantification of representativeness).","pith_extraction_headline":"Simulated annealing selects better climate year subsets for energy models"},"integrity":{"clean":false,"summary":{"advisory":1,"critical":1,"by_detector":{"doi_compliance":{"total":2,"advisory":1,"critical":1,"informational":0}},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.15958/integrity.json","findings":[{"note":"Identifier '10.48550/arxiv.2408.06642(2024' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":50,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","detected_doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.06642(2024","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1088/1748-9326/ab7668(2020) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"advisory","ref_index":55,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","detected_doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab7668(2020","finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","verdict_class":"incontrovertible","detected_arxiv_id":null}],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:31:18.759992Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":2},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:33:44.876528Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:01:55.704088Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"1251218a13b2cd4480b4379a1729b5de3d991020cf1239a120c1f3f05563730f"},"references":{"count":57,"sample":[{"doi":"10.1017/9781009157926.008","year":2022,"title":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). inClimate Change 2022 - Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III Contribution to the Sixth As- sessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel o","work_id":"620a8cb8-5b21-491f-9eca-8ad92cb380f0","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"Combining human and artificial intelligence for enhanced AI literacy in higher education","work_id":"62dbe595-89c4-4c70-a85a-8eff57adea30","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106496","year":2022,"title":"Grochowicz, A., van Greevenbroek, K., Benth, F. E. & Zeyringer, M. Intersecting near-optimal spaces: European power systems with more resilience to weather variability.Energy Economics118,106496. doi:","work_id":"1fa633c0-87a0-42e9-9248-ad86afe426b2","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-54853-3","year":2024,"title":"Gøtske, E. K., Andresen, G. B., Neumann, F. & Victoria, M. Designing a sector- coupled European energy system robust to 60 years of historical weather data. Nature Communications15,10680. doi:10.1038/","work_id":"96444823-2fdf-495e-a11d-b846e5af9788","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138979","year":2025,"title":"Pecora, B., Rhodes, J. D. & Webber, M. E. Quantifying the impacts of weather year selection on power sector capacity expansion models.Energy340,138979. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.138979. (2025)","work_id":"f8f12cf9-aced-4ba5-b467-08a3cd40f903","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":57,"snapshot_sha256":"ac590e432c7d4a2931f41665ec3688142167997859d9961c67c3e3d95c3d4035","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"ad44bae7-a63f-4af6-8a13-277fadacb24c"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"94emaPSUzZIGsT7Z2ls7XM3TtqDgOm6VnfXwKQDLXozS3866oYph657u0hKM8GiCO/gj7AEI57wolmO6hUPIDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T18:01:30.715486Z"},"content_sha256":"9e8e34a1ae30ec8a92c525683a2ff1f629578130955417f68b608ff9daf93a42","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9e8e34a1ae30ec8a92c525683a2ff1f629578130955417f68b608ff9daf93a42"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1088/1748-9326/ab7668(2020) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","snippet":"Van Der Wiel, K., Selten, F. M., Bintanja, R., Blackport, R. & Screen, J. A. Ensem- ble climate-impact modelling: extreme impacts from moderate meteorologi- cal conditions.Environmental Research Letters15,034050. doi:10.1088/1748- 9326/ab76","arxiv_id":"2605.15958","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"ref_index":55,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"printed_excerpt":"Van Der Wiel, K., Selten, F. M., Bintanja, R., Blackport, R. & Screen, J. A. Ensem- ble climate-impact modelling: extreme impacts from moderate meteorologi- cal conditions.Environmental Research Letters15,034050. doi:10.1088/1748- 9326/ab76","reconstructed_doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab7668(2020"},"severity":"advisory","ref_index":55,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab7668(2020","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","evidence_hash":"fa09b575d02c53d303511c0dd1487ccd96cc3af1beffdc030e32e72a0cd8013b","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":2435,"payload_sha256":"fbda43633d897256f8e42b116a803fb0a00eb80065f23b60efa1980113bb3d84","signature_b64":"x3KElsbG5zcsZqazcrXgkHJ5LgcU/lKZcFoMfGsh18aO9wij6WfZcvCiLibbv0sRMXmz2lmCUR9bbE1mG7pCAA==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T18:22:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j4DWQNSvSRlFmAsUQQYWlgVY6KGT+MA5mTRxp3i1pBdxAP4ilsVXyknPCxUqP08JqBvM//qCisLaMi1ka8eiCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T18:01:30.717085Z"},"content_sha256":"a9d925baf3c181b55aec772a83469dbe2b45d76caca4a0a243bfd21d7641312c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a9d925baf3c181b55aec772a83469dbe2b45d76caca4a0a243bfd21d7641312c"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.48550/arxiv.2408.06642(2024' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Harris, T. & Sriver, R.Quantifying uncertainty in climate projections with confor- mal ensemblesdoi:10.48550/arXiv.2408.06642(2024)","arxiv_id":"2605.15958","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.06642(2024","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":50,"raw_excerpt":"Harris, T. & Sriver, R.Quantifying uncertainty in climate projections with confor- mal ensemblesdoi:10.48550/arXiv.2408.06642(2024)","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":50,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.06642(2024","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"107515dea4d503ce146b1545e034e8971e4af95e4a2e8eaa288cf54bd5683055","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":2434,"payload_sha256":"9cfd32a7c51121cafd2637397dbb611ffd95eebb57d771f5d5b31927ba12e1fe","signature_b64":"3DCsk5BGHnCSI4o5pW/3D1AOPm1aL8M0lYWdJI+9mrfkHx2CdzhKdznwVtTIW7dD1Y/GrjTpxtG5n2YZsLb2Cg==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T18:22:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IBsPFlbo36ANIMrwRqe3Lrrmbo+KND/ekhfYVwtIoFjsqDdVrJ7KCrppaIc8TRzC+oLqr32qHUNX3+ewhyiuDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T18:01:30.717636Z"},"content_sha256":"c78321ffbb2307fb90404ca581a3686a627b055f28e24abb11c0011b0eaa609b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c78321ffbb2307fb90404ca581a3686a627b055f28e24abb11c0011b0eaa609b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T18:01:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZNHMH4VSOTXX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":4,"valid_event_count":4,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":1,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5c3e5845784d122d1aee1611e91e0b518f25a8ae146ab0ce8cdcbdf9ac78a923","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T13:52:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5d65340d0feafc57fd51d0f6b8cd98a34cf042402313b6ae07cfe753413536a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.15958","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.15958","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.15958v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.15958","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CBL5RDXPJRBG","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CBL5RDXPJRBG4ZZN","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CBL5RDXP","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9e8e34a1ae30ec8a92c525683a2ff1f629578130955417f68b608ff9daf93a42","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Simulated annealing consistently produces the most representative subsets and outperforms all compared methods. Simulated annealing achieves an effective sample size four to five times the actual subset size. The resulting subsets are roughly 2.5--3.5 times more representative than current ENTSO-E practice."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance on marginal distributions, inter-variable correlations, and seasonal structure serves as a sufficient and unbiased proxy for representativeness in downstream energy system impact studies (abstract, paragraph on quantification of representativeness)."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Simulated annealing with seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance selects climate year subsets that are 2.5-3.5 times more representative than ENTSO-E practice and achieve 4-5 times effective sample size."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Simulated annealing selects better climate year subsets for energy models"}],"snapshot_sha256":"e127a2b2a2f52670d42c6598aa2395d96103a7623bf2b60b2ecb8b3b2ed7c4ce"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":false,"detectors_run":[{"findings_count":0,"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:31:18.759992Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":2,"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":0,"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:33:44.876528Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":0,"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:01:55.704088Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"}],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.15958/integrity.json","findings":[{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.06642(2024","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.48550/arxiv.2408.06642(2024' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":50,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T18:21:20.347860Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab7668(2020","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1088/1748-9326/ab7668(2020) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","ref_index":55,"severity":"advisory","verdict_class":"incontrovertible"}],"snapshot_sha256":"1251218a13b2cd4480b4379a1729b5de3d991020cf1239a120c1f3f05563730f","summary":{"advisory":1,"by_detector":{"doi_compliance":{"advisory":1,"critical":1,"informational":0,"total":2}},"critical":1,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Energy system models are increasingly dependent on representative climate input. Yet, a fundamental mismatch persists between the hundreds of simulated years often used in climate science and the handful of years that computationally demanding power system models can process. Current practice, including ENTSO-E's European Resource Adequacy Assessment, relies on climate year selections that have not been validated against explicit representativeness criteria. This risks biased investment decisions and blind spots for plausible weather conditions. This study proposes simulated annealing as an op","authors_text":"Bram van Duinen, Jean Thorey, Karin van der Wiel, Laurens Stoop","cross_cats":["cs.CY","physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"Simulated annealing selects better climate year subsets for energy models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T13:52:08Z","title":"Bridging the climate to energy data gap: simulated annealing for representative climate year selection"},"references":{"count":57,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":57,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.1017/9781009157926.008","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). inClimate Change 2022 - Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III Contribution to the Sixth As- sessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel o","work_id":"620a8cb8-5b21-491f-9eca-8ad92cb380f0","year":2022},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"Combining human and artificial intelligence for enhanced AI literacy in higher education","work_id":"62dbe595-89c4-4c70-a85a-8eff57adea30","year":2024},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106496","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":"Grochowicz, A., van Greevenbroek, K., Benth, F. E. & Zeyringer, M. Intersecting near-optimal spaces: European power systems with more resilience to weather variability.Energy Economics118,106496. doi:","work_id":"1fa633c0-87a0-42e9-9248-ad86afe426b2","year":2022},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-54853-3","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":4,"title":"Gøtske, E. K., Andresen, G. B., Neumann, F. & Victoria, M. Designing a sector- coupled European energy system robust to 60 years of historical weather data. Nature Communications15,10680. doi:10.1038/","work_id":"96444823-2fdf-495e-a11d-b846e5af9788","year":2024},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138979","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":5,"title":"Pecora, B., Rhodes, J. D. & Webber, M. E. Quantifying the impacts of weather year selection on power sector capacity expansion models.Energy340,138979. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.138979. (2025)","work_id":"f8f12cf9-aced-4ba5-b467-08a3cd40f903","year":2025}],"snapshot_sha256":"ac590e432c7d4a2931f41665ec3688142167997859d9961c67c3e3d95c3d4035"},"source":{"id":"2605.15958","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-19T18:12:16.861732Z","id":"ad44bae7-a63f-4af6-8a13-277fadacb24c","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"Simulated annealing with seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance selects climate year subsets that are 2.5-3.5 times more representative than ENTSO-E practice and achieve 4-5 times effective sample size.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"Simulated annealing selects better climate year subsets for energy models","strongest_claim":"Simulated annealing consistently produces the most representative subsets and outperforms all compared methods. Simulated annealing achieves an effective sample size four to five times the actual subset size. The resulting subsets are roughly 2.5--3.5 times more representative than current ENTSO-E practice.","weakest_assumption":"The seasonal sliced Wasserstein distance on marginal distributions, inter-variable correlations, and seasonal structure serves as a sufficient and unbiased proxy for representativeness in downstream energy system impact studies (abstract, paragraph on quantification of representativeness)."}},"verdict_id":"ad44bae7-a63f-4af6-8a13-277fadacb24c"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a05fd06034f63521d672b264f9021ea98f290fd797eef41534d958b4906a1d07","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5c3e5845784d122d1aee1611e91e0b518f25a8ae146ab0ce8cdcbdf9ac78a923","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T13:52:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5d65340d0feafc57fd51d0f6b8cd98a34cf042402313b6ae07cfe753413536a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.15958","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1057d88eef4c426e672d3b0fcac9d3bdc524784ec50b98a166b6f7b29dd1cdb9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1057d88eef4c426e672d3b0fcac9d3bdc524784ec50b98a166b6f7b29dd1cdb9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46.652966Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46.652966Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"O3M6biAoeHKBb+ly09XD/+GyM1zh+7DdDNim9lmTMd8BDMaZvzLmfAy0JBdM9gtFEF+VenRJQfmynewefiaWAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:46.653733Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.15958","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[{"signer_id":"pith.science","event_type":"integrity_finding","target":"integrity","event_ids":["sha256:a9d925baf3c181b55aec772a83469dbe2b45d76caca4a0a243bfd21d7641312c","sha256:c78321ffbb2307fb90404ca581a3686a627b055f28e24abb11c0011b0eaa609b"]}],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a05fd06034f63521d672b264f9021ea98f290fd797eef41534d958b4906a1d07","sha256:9e8e34a1ae30ec8a92c525683a2ff1f629578130955417f68b608ff9daf93a42"],"state_sha256":"6ed17e9bc0595847e352300372e0c6f3f4ce892b929f017228dc4c364ff0ab6c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EFAZgJy0Cmfc26ITUe+mqukxwKj30s4COKNomWKLG0KVyiDdALeFi2i6+Vp3exv4AwUMr0vH99O+asawBrlvAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T18:01:30.721464Z","bundle_sha256":"f1959941e4bfa33571a76b992917becaa313b27a9e0a04d1ea0ac7cfcf94db24"}}