{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG","short_pith_number":"pith:CBUK5KCU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-16T02:35:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bae1c9d9b8358ad308de5c41a76fa01249832d53fc581705fd1958c9f232082f","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4b13b9c123807673674b30cfdeece5456fd23e99409ca0e729e21833a5f9030"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1068aea8543fc39ba520873ea7186119864a797b0d1a1160cb2241d0e1699e0d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"gr-qc/9812053","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812053","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812053v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9812053","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CBUK5KCUH7BZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CBUK5KCU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-16T02:35:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bae1c9d9b8358ad308de5c41a76fa01249832d53fc581705fd1958c9f232082f","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4b13b9c123807673674b30cfdeece5456fd23e99409ca0e729e21833a5f9030"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1068aea8543fc39ba520873ea7186119864a797b0d1a1160cb2241d0e1699e0d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28.123202Z","signature_b64":"Fb4jfKysBYKWsOrT5opLGuu6BbvZkc5kd/YpcHsa+7S0rOFpp3WR2DH6lCNeO0OVnTXk918X5ZH9IuE3f+CPCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1068aea8543fc39ba520873ea7186119864a797b0d1a1160cb2241d0e1699e0d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28.122418Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28.122418Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"gr-qc/9812053","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CzHeALasi4nnG7O80OyCrfTIzLmykBuVP1WVoGM0HKuGDTRMaX8HbXLHHRWmfhdaPQRBG1qWZWkxqreHTwjuAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T05:05:16.073406Z"},"content_sha256":"1200d7c6e0de7a3b39d9f18e787de2dce1d9b069f648b440e7e921fd24dc2e41","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1200d7c6e0de7a3b39d9f18e787de2dce1d9b069f648b440e7e921fd24dc2e41"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Critical phenomena in perfect fluids","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"David W. Neilsen, Matthew W. Choptuik","submitted_at":"1998-12-16T02:35:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric, perfect fluid with equation of state P = (Gamma -1)rho. We restrict attention to the ultrarelativistic (``kinetic-energy-dominated'', ``scale-free'') limit where black hole formation is anticipated to turn on at infinitesimal black hole mass (Type II behavior). Critical solutions (those which sit at the threshold of black hole formation in parametrized families of collapse) are found by solving the system of ODEs which result from a self-similar ansatz, and by solving the full Einstein/fluid PDEs in spherical symmetry. These"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v5B7WaS9CLZIM+jGTQfsWw+M76U6wzHaalYCwiSOb2Ing35cyk2PfOJpo9UNsFvoXoWJ+/DNbYTF7FhgExLeCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T05:05:16.074041Z"},"content_sha256":"412c8ac93f4fcac19193055f43e6262d8c211f3a57a283b8e6b9156ff9ab826f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:412c8ac93f4fcac19193055f43e6262d8c211f3a57a283b8e6b9156ff9ab826f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-23T05:05:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJAQ47KOGDBDG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4b13b9c123807673674b30cfdeece5456fd23e99409ca0e729e21833a5f9030","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-16T02:35:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"bae1c9d9b8358ad308de5c41a76fa01249832d53fc581705fd1958c9f232082f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812053","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812053","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812053v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9812053","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CBUK5KCUH7BZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CBUK5KCUH7BZXJJA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CBUK5KCU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:412c8ac93f4fcac19193055f43e6262d8c211f3a57a283b8e6b9156ff9ab826f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric, perfect fluid with equation of state P = (Gamma -1)rho. We restrict attention to the ultrarelativistic (``kinetic-energy-dominated'', ``scale-free'') limit where black hole formation is anticipated to turn on at infinitesimal black hole mass (Type II behavior). Critical solutions (those which sit at the threshold of black hole formation in parametrized families of collapse) are found by solving the system of ODEs which result from a self-similar ansatz, and by solving the full Einstein/fluid PDEs in spherical symmetry. These","authors_text":"David W. Neilsen, Matthew W. Choptuik","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-16T02:35:45Z","title":"Critical phenomena in perfect fluids"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1200d7c6e0de7a3b39d9f18e787de2dce1d9b069f648b440e7e921fd24dc2e41","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4b13b9c123807673674b30cfdeece5456fd23e99409ca0e729e21833a5f9030","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-16T02:35:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"bae1c9d9b8358ad308de5c41a76fa01249832d53fc581705fd1958c9f232082f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812053","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1068aea8543fc39ba520873ea7186119864a797b0d1a1160cb2241d0e1699e0d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1068aea8543fc39ba520873ea7186119864a797b0d1a1160cb2241d0e1699e0d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28.122418Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28.122418Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Fb4jfKysBYKWsOrT5opLGuu6BbvZkc5kd/YpcHsa+7S0rOFpp3WR2DH6lCNeO0OVnTXk918X5ZH9IuE3f+CPCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:28.123202Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"gr-qc/9812053","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1200d7c6e0de7a3b39d9f18e787de2dce1d9b069f648b440e7e921fd24dc2e41","sha256:412c8ac93f4fcac19193055f43e6262d8c211f3a57a283b8e6b9156ff9ab826f"],"state_sha256":"e2dc2c775c41cfc7fac9ee65f4ecd7485daecdb5ac21b456ed7e3c5233418716"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E+3Tr+lWUVFW5ygLjfV/ZHiF1VcNx4XAtSWevkCN4bk2TAg66xc6NNg4BMiiKWT4tvevTwDEG79oBFr+sdfhDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T05:05:16.077291Z","bundle_sha256":"37cb3452e8b507415ed5de6ab4b96ca7ac515f06c1d9c6af56d26ef93cc75809"}}