{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7","short_pith_number":"pith:CDVLNEC6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.05118","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2022-01-13T18:23:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f4351b99f97a2576f5926d6a2a72d07f3729e74cf5a103cad2b1e9d502b3328c","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e88e57c85364d247679bf1216b42466f856325f0850a6041f4dcf9428824fb3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"10eab6905eb2f86c35b9d49950a16267fc788a88e8f9d01c0aee9b886b870e6c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2201.05118","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.05118","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.05118v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.05118","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CDVLNEC6WL4G","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CDVLNEC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.05118","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2022-01-13T18:23:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f4351b99f97a2576f5926d6a2a72d07f3729e74cf5a103cad2b1e9d502b3328c","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e88e57c85364d247679bf1216b42466f856325f0850a6041f4dcf9428824fb3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"10eab6905eb2f86c35b9d49950a16267fc788a88e8f9d01c0aee9b886b870e6c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04.573293Z","signature_b64":"veIYfRP+oCce/vnrHKZ/8GtCnyMOp+PiGevjI+OzbOfRA7THaC/p8sM4QUNuPRu1SF0HKNdtT0bTkjsOvpbLBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"10eab6905eb2f86c35b9d49950a16267fc788a88e8f9d01c0aee9b886b870e6c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04.572890Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04.572890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2201.05118","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AYSTO6y2KgnVSuHuoeqJYcRerDl0sumjJMN+GT1+ZNrsR1Vet00RF8fC9TSrbDMbq1PxzQ1Fp0hkXZISTjuDBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T14:47:01.406490Z"},"content_sha256":"361c354ccd9ccd66631de436b7c2eed89940d85387b0005c6022c6dfe5d2df25","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:361c354ccd9ccd66631de436b7c2eed89940d85387b0005c6022c6dfe5d2df25"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Equal opportunities lead to maximum wealth inequality","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Jos\\'e Roberto Iglesias, Sebasti\\'an Gon\\c{c}alves","submitted_at":"2022-01-13T18:23:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"If wealthier people have advantages in having higher returns than poor, inequality will unequivocally increase, but is equal opportunity enough to prevent it? According to several models in economics and econophysics, no. They all display wealth concentration as a peculiar feature of its dynamics, even though no individual can have repeating gains advantage. Here, generalizing these particular models, we present a rigorous analytical demonstration, using master equation formalism, that any fair market that gives each agent the same expected return conducts the system to maximum inequality."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.05118","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2201.05118/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Mf/zqS0GLkjxa8EO8fQXOsD0qmfHC4c2Few/ogGtcc+qvtt6gDBXUcTSaQk9uJRHi2mtwuaCo516Dtgt13X0CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T14:47:01.407123Z"},"content_sha256":"17ef3773cac5760b01cd09e2e31a6c9bb427661c13f384760b79473e9606d6dc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:17ef3773cac5760b01cd09e2e31a6c9bb427661c13f384760b79473e9606d6dc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T14:47:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ2SMVBILCM7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e88e57c85364d247679bf1216b42466f856325f0850a6041f4dcf9428824fb3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2022-01-13T18:23:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"f4351b99f97a2576f5926d6a2a72d07f3729e74cf5a103cad2b1e9d502b3328c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.05118","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.05118","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.05118v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.05118","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CDVLNEC6WL4G","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CDVLNEC6WL4GYNNZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CDVLNEC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:17ef3773cac5760b01cd09e2e31a6c9bb427661c13f384760b79473e9606d6dc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2201.05118/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"If wealthier people have advantages in having higher returns than poor, inequality will unequivocally increase, but is equal opportunity enough to prevent it? According to several models in economics and econophysics, no. They all display wealth concentration as a peculiar feature of its dynamics, even though no individual can have repeating gains advantage. Here, generalizing these particular models, we present a rigorous analytical demonstration, using master equation formalism, that any fair market that gives each agent the same expected return conducts the system to maximum inequality.","authors_text":"Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Jos\\'e Roberto Iglesias, Sebasti\\'an Gon\\c{c}alves","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2022-01-13T18:23:13Z","title":"Equal opportunities lead to maximum wealth inequality"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.05118","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:361c354ccd9ccd66631de436b7c2eed89940d85387b0005c6022c6dfe5d2df25","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e88e57c85364d247679bf1216b42466f856325f0850a6041f4dcf9428824fb3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2022-01-13T18:23:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"f4351b99f97a2576f5926d6a2a72d07f3729e74cf5a103cad2b1e9d502b3328c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.05118","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"10eab6905eb2f86c35b9d49950a16267fc788a88e8f9d01c0aee9b886b870e6c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"10eab6905eb2f86c35b9d49950a16267fc788a88e8f9d01c0aee9b886b870e6c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04.572890Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04.572890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"veIYfRP+oCce/vnrHKZ/8GtCnyMOp+PiGevjI+OzbOfRA7THaC/p8sM4QUNuPRu1SF0HKNdtT0bTkjsOvpbLBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:04.573293Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2201.05118","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:361c354ccd9ccd66631de436b7c2eed89940d85387b0005c6022c6dfe5d2df25","sha256:17ef3773cac5760b01cd09e2e31a6c9bb427661c13f384760b79473e9606d6dc"],"state_sha256":"0994fe8f6bd928594a32d8f8495f23e83850d4b70f28f3d57d8208525b999262"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LWaISUZ/ki8Ke4TBLIkHet8e49cdLIAtqDNB31kIRtwVX1jCqDgYFbspzFccsdVk2M1mHqAqFw7HP1FV/0rWDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T14:47:01.412072Z","bundle_sha256":"5e48043c9f221c7e93d42c66dcd9840952d4d18bd77cb00efa8855b17311b940"}}