{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7","short_pith_number":"pith:CERERN7I","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.09508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-23T16:01:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"a84fb10bd4899f2c008d8dd82113b87e3bf2eeeccd65b0e0fcf75220003d1a93","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6ad24f2ef41297f6c472cb6e89e86d476425ac1d87820ffcb24dbe6c97b0a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"112248b7e8d1bf5f0f6dff0266bb3ca7cda707b49f87cf3e60417ba78aac14fe","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2301.09508","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.09508","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.09508v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.09508","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CERERN7I2G7V","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CERERN7I2G7V6D3N","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CERERN7I","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.09508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-23T16:01:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"a84fb10bd4899f2c008d8dd82113b87e3bf2eeeccd65b0e0fcf75220003d1a93","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6ad24f2ef41297f6c472cb6e89e86d476425ac1d87820ffcb24dbe6c97b0a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"112248b7e8d1bf5f0f6dff0266bb3ca7cda707b49f87cf3e60417ba78aac14fe","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01.542587Z","signature_b64":"expvCRVIB1KLbDijU/ZP43OWLg6UHuOZ1PVu3fpg15Dpc7Zps7juLEtIAZoo/Z9WroVEZYPfAVxmx++g/UR8CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"112248b7e8d1bf5f0f6dff0266bb3ca7cda707b49f87cf3e60417ba78aac14fe","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01.542095Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01.542095Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2301.09508","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0M5nTIiXQzdHa2Rrx3MDzGi3+452/I46zsDFmvQ3W+hQUuLPR/SC5IjkRxTomlHaCNGQPGq32LDMeHo6UvEqBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:23:08.899520Z"},"content_sha256":"422a2c1220919172f0f68d25fe32724a7784675e9536ec417cfd9c5320af4e4e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:422a2c1220919172f0f68d25fe32724a7784675e9536ec417cfd9c5320af4e4e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"BayBFed: Bayesian Backdoor Defense for Federated Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Hossein Fereidooni, Kavita Kumari, Murtuza Jadliwala, Phillip Rieger","submitted_at":"2023-01-23T16:01:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning (FL) allows participants to jointly train a machine learning model without sharing their private data with others. However, FL is vulnerable to poisoning attacks such as backdoor attacks. Consequently, a variety of defenses have recently been proposed, which have primarily utilized intermediary states of the global model (i.e., logits) or distance of the local models (i.e., L2-norm) from the global model to detect malicious backdoors. However, as these approaches directly operate on client updates, their effectiveness depends on factors such as clients' data distribution or "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.09508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2301.09508/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0vgWfuEp6fr/s2KIMUcDEGx7Y/e1tY638KxtQ1yC/5Iszb5YfHNhispFl+f3Xm98fNWm7ptKXgsUeZ6/uFBoAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:23:08.900015Z"},"content_sha256":"85612afcc31418ca311c912fde33deb012873912e7d112eecdcf914b8bd8de31","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:85612afcc31418ca311c912fde33deb012873912e7d112eecdcf914b8bd8de31"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T20:23:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:CERERN7I2G7V6D3N74BGNOZ4U7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6ad24f2ef41297f6c472cb6e89e86d476425ac1d87820ffcb24dbe6c97b0a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-23T16:01:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"a84fb10bd4899f2c008d8dd82113b87e3bf2eeeccd65b0e0fcf75220003d1a93"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.09508","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.09508","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.09508v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.09508","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CERERN7I2G7V","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CERERN7I2G7V6D3N","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CERERN7I","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:85612afcc31418ca311c912fde33deb012873912e7d112eecdcf914b8bd8de31","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2301.09508/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning (FL) allows participants to jointly train a machine learning model without sharing their private data with others. However, FL is vulnerable to poisoning attacks such as backdoor attacks. Consequently, a variety of defenses have recently been proposed, which have primarily utilized intermediary states of the global model (i.e., logits) or distance of the local models (i.e., L2-norm) from the global model to detect malicious backdoors. However, as these approaches directly operate on client updates, their effectiveness depends on factors such as clients' data distribution or ","authors_text":"Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Hossein Fereidooni, Kavita Kumari, Murtuza Jadliwala, Phillip Rieger","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-23T16:01:30Z","title":"BayBFed: Bayesian Backdoor Defense for Federated Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.09508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:422a2c1220919172f0f68d25fe32724a7784675e9536ec417cfd9c5320af4e4e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6ad24f2ef41297f6c472cb6e89e86d476425ac1d87820ffcb24dbe6c97b0a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-23T16:01:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"a84fb10bd4899f2c008d8dd82113b87e3bf2eeeccd65b0e0fcf75220003d1a93"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.09508","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"112248b7e8d1bf5f0f6dff0266bb3ca7cda707b49f87cf3e60417ba78aac14fe","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"112248b7e8d1bf5f0f6dff0266bb3ca7cda707b49f87cf3e60417ba78aac14fe","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01.542095Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01.542095Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"expvCRVIB1KLbDijU/ZP43OWLg6UHuOZ1PVu3fpg15Dpc7Zps7juLEtIAZoo/Z9WroVEZYPfAVxmx++g/UR8CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:35:01.542587Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2301.09508","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:422a2c1220919172f0f68d25fe32724a7784675e9536ec417cfd9c5320af4e4e","sha256:85612afcc31418ca311c912fde33deb012873912e7d112eecdcf914b8bd8de31"],"state_sha256":"d405dd718db6f4a4a7635efa062e53ee5705b806e88e17874f9f386531e2e704"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zVolXgsNgm7+GQRbgIQ7x46jL2oe09Mb7dsjkimars7y1iOQW/X1JmglN9a8HPoPeW99ysrJ58++iFle1RTbCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:23:08.904932Z","bundle_sha256":"fbc847c28a9627765223ebb0ed4ff2304dc5860adf89a5dfb07ba853063a4d26"}}