{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:CFC2KKG43IYYTKV2GL6AE4OW2I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"282b2524af4470e3aee6faf6bec3751c2863da5ba6000dd1c33f2541969e868f","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.GN","q-fin.PM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.TR","submitted_at":"2011-12-28T19:05:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d19f4e17f2bf6c7b0c028ed91e98f3813ca5789e44681b9288b12d5f52e092f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1112.6169","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1112.6169","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1112.6169v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1112.6169","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFC2KKG43IYY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFC2KKG43IYYTKV2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFC2KKG4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d7f0d47cd0cc4336d3447ef84b72a1ca3f07306f8d5dfa08affea0ca60dd830e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Asset liquidity in modern financial markets is a key but elusive concept. A market is often said to be liquid when the prevailing structure of transactions provides a prompt and secure link between the demand and supply of assets, thus delivering low costs of transaction. Providing a rigorous and empirically relevant definition of market liquidity has, however, provided to be a difficult task. This paper provides a critical review of the frameworks currently available for modelling and estimating the market liquidity of assets. We consider definitions that stress the role of the bid-ask spread","authors_text":"Alexandros Gabrielsen, Massimiliano Marzo, Paolo Zagaglia","cross_cats":["q-fin.GN","q-fin.PM"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.TR","submitted_at":"2011-12-28T19:05:53Z","title":"Measuring market liquidity: An introductory survey"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1112.6169","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:93be0bf1b546c39866f344d75e2524298e1123aa4058182f4e1b82aaa91b4142","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"282b2524af4470e3aee6faf6bec3751c2863da5ba6000dd1c33f2541969e868f","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.GN","q-fin.PM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.TR","submitted_at":"2011-12-28T19:05:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d19f4e17f2bf6c7b0c028ed91e98f3813ca5789e44681b9288b12d5f52e092f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1112.6169","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1145a528dcda3189aaba32fc0271d6d23a7d45cdd34e7c099030deda7cc63607","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1145a528dcda3189aaba32fc0271d6d23a7d45cdd34e7c099030deda7cc63607","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36.595334Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36.595334Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"d+jJUXc9Cozhsl7F891jgc7VXffpnd5ibxOkyqH7+3Nj2hsY+pC9ZIoCIWXRBS7NgAA5aLO15cp/3gzz2/f9Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:36.595806Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1112.6169","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:93be0bf1b546c39866f344d75e2524298e1123aa4058182f4e1b82aaa91b4142","sha256:d7f0d47cd0cc4336d3447ef84b72a1ca3f07306f8d5dfa08affea0ca60dd830e"],"state_sha256":"b8ffb5a1bff3ee6279172771c24e8742f9040e8c46051f053953f54d0a0535d4"}