{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO","short_pith_number":"pith:CFFT3UJQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0602378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-02-17T17:05:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"22289d6687f45d12300bd157a097906a0c72b0306d50bbb04c78fc7be419a1b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"9afb446fdf9fa45e7e06a47757d3710a65fa81da3cbd7ee30c6b7fcf107e1438"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"114b3dd13036d52185c0dc7aaf9f1a93bb3f65eb96cb9a2dc380c55f05d725c0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0602378","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0602378","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0602378v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0602378","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFFT3UJQG3KS","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFFT3UJQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0602378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-02-17T17:05:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"22289d6687f45d12300bd157a097906a0c72b0306d50bbb04c78fc7be419a1b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"9afb446fdf9fa45e7e06a47757d3710a65fa81da3cbd7ee30c6b7fcf107e1438"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"114b3dd13036d52185c0dc7aaf9f1a93bb3f65eb96cb9a2dc380c55f05d725c0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11.187395Z","signature_b64":"BkEaYZAmzSWGNZrcaAeSPCFs5+WA3XytNXeTu6Vdm6D6goju4zZRK3QkHcegGpszWMZo/Z5+IQfBxQWqbetaAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"114b3dd13036d52185c0dc7aaf9f1a93bb3f65eb96cb9a2dc380c55f05d725c0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11.187028Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11.187028Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0602378","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eGw4SAH7sfUx1lY2583TYxU5H+eh9eLoIWEmXW+8FxewOrgUjgwebbhzJsiN0skDbevKWIMIbK3x9hSzqu1uDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T19:18:23.272780Z"},"content_sha256":"5094ac5c99634aec055877b198a5b47b6e539c8022da7e5c15198d4ac3dc10d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5094ac5c99634aec055877b198a5b47b6e539c8022da7e5c15198d4ac3dc10d6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Measuring the effective complexity of cosmological models","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"David Parkinson (University of Sussex), Martin Kunz (University of Geneva), Roberto Trotta (University of Oxford)","submitted_at":"2006-02-17T17:05:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a statistical measure of the effective model complexity, called the Bayesian complexity. We demonstrate that the Bayesian complexity can be used to assess how many effective parameters a set of data can support and that it is a useful complement to the model likelihood (the evidence) in model selection questions. We apply this approach to recent measurements of cosmic microwave background anisotropies combined with the Hubble Space Telescope measurement of the Hubble parameter. Using mildly non-informative priors, we show how the 3-year WMAP data improves on the first-year data by"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0602378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0602378/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j7ppSv/2FqRLysCpFCmGiTjhnW+Fw9gDtws65iIhhySUnzyJb3VlcZwUmZ+gT4P1oXpL8tY85Gay6+W0aeV4AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T19:18:23.273293Z"},"content_sha256":"1abfa6e8b7733f460b246faf00feee36d54f99d00a3154bc2e18393f77a1a253","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1abfa6e8b7733f460b246faf00feee36d54f99d00a3154bc2e18393f77a1a253"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T19:18:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA3R5K7HY2SO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9afb446fdf9fa45e7e06a47757d3710a65fa81da3cbd7ee30c6b7fcf107e1438","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-02-17T17:05:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"22289d6687f45d12300bd157a097906a0c72b0306d50bbb04c78fc7be419a1b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0602378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0602378","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0602378v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0602378","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFFT3UJQG3KS","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFFT3UJQG3KSDBOA","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFFT3UJQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1abfa6e8b7733f460b246faf00feee36d54f99d00a3154bc2e18393f77a1a253","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0602378/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a statistical measure of the effective model complexity, called the Bayesian complexity. We demonstrate that the Bayesian complexity can be used to assess how many effective parameters a set of data can support and that it is a useful complement to the model likelihood (the evidence) in model selection questions. We apply this approach to recent measurements of cosmic microwave background anisotropies combined with the Hubble Space Telescope measurement of the Hubble parameter. Using mildly non-informative priors, we show how the 3-year WMAP data improves on the first-year data by","authors_text":"David Parkinson (University of Sussex), Martin Kunz (University of Geneva), Roberto Trotta (University of Oxford)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-02-17T17:05:35Z","title":"Measuring the effective complexity of cosmological models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0602378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5094ac5c99634aec055877b198a5b47b6e539c8022da7e5c15198d4ac3dc10d6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9afb446fdf9fa45e7e06a47757d3710a65fa81da3cbd7ee30c6b7fcf107e1438","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-02-17T17:05:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"22289d6687f45d12300bd157a097906a0c72b0306d50bbb04c78fc7be419a1b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0602378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"114b3dd13036d52185c0dc7aaf9f1a93bb3f65eb96cb9a2dc380c55f05d725c0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"114b3dd13036d52185c0dc7aaf9f1a93bb3f65eb96cb9a2dc380c55f05d725c0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11.187028Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11.187028Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BkEaYZAmzSWGNZrcaAeSPCFs5+WA3XytNXeTu6Vdm6D6goju4zZRK3QkHcegGpszWMZo/Z5+IQfBxQWqbetaAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:03:11.187395Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0602378","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5094ac5c99634aec055877b198a5b47b6e539c8022da7e5c15198d4ac3dc10d6","sha256:1abfa6e8b7733f460b246faf00feee36d54f99d00a3154bc2e18393f77a1a253"],"state_sha256":"29cb52276e6fe482a271ab21de1efc9b7a8d778e8703b765516a614ad4441daf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LndtG5D0LsrPL1C32K2mPZwHDHecIj8JazRGH6lXecOo7FeEOUjaa2iY6DaYkKLgA7BWpSR4Lvmc3ueYwdiQCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T19:18:23.277816Z","bundle_sha256":"13875129c4a2d12fc28dda607872962f423eb07d0b506bd510a5e08036e20b19"}}