{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD","short_pith_number":"pith:CFI3XNNR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1402.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-26T21:48:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f2925fa4c87bbcaa7774dedec9f1a94c0e9c373a4e66fa47017614d21671c666","abstract_canon_sha256":"25779ca2137eaf8bb618887899b04d2759e2e9e893e25eedd05933cfeb9ca9ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1151bbb5b1b54f27f4917873b4a9c838e91bf202511b3d373cf9afcdaba11cc1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1402.6721","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1402.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1402.6721v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1402.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFI3XNNRWVHS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ER","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFI3XNNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1402.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-26T21:48:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f2925fa4c87bbcaa7774dedec9f1a94c0e9c373a4e66fa47017614d21671c666","abstract_canon_sha256":"25779ca2137eaf8bb618887899b04d2759e2e9e893e25eedd05933cfeb9ca9ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1151bbb5b1b54f27f4917873b4a9c838e91bf202511b3d373cf9afcdaba11cc1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43.045707Z","signature_b64":"gmDVfdXg+cNxhEnlNr9U5g4cHKU0OsDtMG3OThwc+WqJbAqLYpLXr8cRZt5oun8ybaFHOpth0fvCh+/4ti2ABg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1151bbb5b1b54f27f4917873b4a9c838e91bf202511b3d373cf9afcdaba11cc1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43.045094Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43.045094Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1402.6721","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kTj+GYaE5PStiTtUMSVMd7bLNLMQ0QYSYAXk20tpFpfg1P5X64kIXr9Bf2qmv3hXQCqr2GzJrXgpDL/UJokWBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T18:36:33.829330Z"},"content_sha256":"56b5593381fd7c10e8ad88d814389a8d08ea89a0371ebba349555cf1cc3c07bb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56b5593381fd7c10e8ad88d814389a8d08ea89a0371ebba349555cf1cc3c07bb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis for Quasi-Dynamic Traffic Light Controllers","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Christos G. Cassandras, Julia L. Fleck","submitted_at":"2014-02-26T21:48:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the traffic light control problem for a single intersection modeled as a stochastic hybrid system. We study a quasi-dynamic policy based on partial state information defined by detecting whether vehicle backlogs are above or below certain controllable thresholds. Using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA), we derive online gradient estimators of a cost metric with respect to these threshold parameters and use these estimators to iteratively adjust the threshold values through a standard gradient-based algorithm so as to improve overall system performance under various traffic "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1402.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pNrSNw9Z6Ld8ttwUwFD6L6S2ZRiWU2dXyyOl2BBrxNCSXu3qIXJbEHJUesjx3t86IokFofwttzd2RonNYKMzDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T18:36:33.829685Z"},"content_sha256":"ee633e013d9cfd632f268eaad76c3000ae24bd23f1b1ccc3611c6a2bde913a09","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ee633e013d9cfd632f268eaad76c3000ae24bd23f1b1ccc3611c6a2bde913a09"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-01T18:36:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ERPBZ3JKOIHD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25779ca2137eaf8bb618887899b04d2759e2e9e893e25eedd05933cfeb9ca9ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-26T21:48:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"f2925fa4c87bbcaa7774dedec9f1a94c0e9c373a4e66fa47017614d21671c666"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1402.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1402.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1402.6721v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1402.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFI3XNNRWVHS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFI3XNNRWVHSP5ER","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFI3XNNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ee633e013d9cfd632f268eaad76c3000ae24bd23f1b1ccc3611c6a2bde913a09","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider the traffic light control problem for a single intersection modeled as a stochastic hybrid system. We study a quasi-dynamic policy based on partial state information defined by detecting whether vehicle backlogs are above or below certain controllable thresholds. Using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA), we derive online gradient estimators of a cost metric with respect to these threshold parameters and use these estimators to iteratively adjust the threshold values through a standard gradient-based algorithm so as to improve overall system performance under various traffic ","authors_text":"Christos G. Cassandras, Julia L. Fleck","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-26T21:48:22Z","title":"Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis for Quasi-Dynamic Traffic Light Controllers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1402.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56b5593381fd7c10e8ad88d814389a8d08ea89a0371ebba349555cf1cc3c07bb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25779ca2137eaf8bb618887899b04d2759e2e9e893e25eedd05933cfeb9ca9ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-26T21:48:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"f2925fa4c87bbcaa7774dedec9f1a94c0e9c373a4e66fa47017614d21671c666"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1402.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1151bbb5b1b54f27f4917873b4a9c838e91bf202511b3d373cf9afcdaba11cc1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1151bbb5b1b54f27f4917873b4a9c838e91bf202511b3d373cf9afcdaba11cc1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43.045094Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43.045094Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gmDVfdXg+cNxhEnlNr9U5g4cHKU0OsDtMG3OThwc+WqJbAqLYpLXr8cRZt5oun8ybaFHOpth0fvCh+/4ti2ABg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:57:43.045707Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1402.6721","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56b5593381fd7c10e8ad88d814389a8d08ea89a0371ebba349555cf1cc3c07bb","sha256:ee633e013d9cfd632f268eaad76c3000ae24bd23f1b1ccc3611c6a2bde913a09"],"state_sha256":"8b00b7fd9bb511be34a99912e27dcf9d2dcce59661cad900dc5c2274a0d0532a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rC6oTP6PzrqlW1hjWnZ4zqoRsroxFa1ZXSo5YVK5ahgk57Zvj6Rc+bIjqTPGRLXZSWQ5i9VTHWpL2WyHTBDODw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T18:36:33.831624Z","bundle_sha256":"ef67296612d475d9663d8a12db52988001623c45603670e63a779c8be493ea3b"}}